Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Research Paper

Nonproprietary Names : BP: Sodium lauryl sulfate
USPNF: Sodium lauryl sulfate
Synonyms : Dodecyl sodium sulfate; Elfan 240; sodium dodecyl sulfate; sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium monododecyl sulfate; sodium monolauryl sulfate; Texapon K12P.
Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number: Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt [151-21-3]
Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight: C12H25NaO4S 288.38
The USPNF 23 describes sodium lauryl sulfate as a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates consisting chiefly of sodium lauryl sulfate (C12H25NaO4S).
Structural Formula: Functional Category:
Anionic surfactant; detergent; emulsifying agent; skin penetrant; tablet and capsule lubricant; wetting agent.
Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology:

Table 3: Uses of sodium lauryl sulfate.
Use Concentration (%)
Anionic emulsifier, forms self-emulsifying bases with fatty alcohols 0.5–2.5
Detergent in medicated shampoos ≈10
Skin cleanser in topical applications 1
Solubilizer in concentrations greater than critical micelle concentration >0.0025
Tablet lubricant 1.0–2.0
Wetting agent in dentrifices 1.0–2.0
It is a detergent and wetting agent effective in both alkaline and acidic conditions.
Description:
Sodium lauryl sulfate consists of white or cream to pale yellow-colored crystals, flakes, or powder having a smooth feel, a soapy, bitter taste, and a faint odor of fatty substances.
Typical Properties:
• Acidity / alkalinity : pH = 7.0–9.5 (1% w/v aqueous solution)
• Acid value : 0
• Antimicrobial activity : Sodium lauryl sulfate has some bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive bacteria but is ineffective against many Gram-negative microorganisms. It potentiates the fungicidal activity of certain substances such as sulfanilamide and sulfathiazole.
• Critical micelle concentration : 8.2 mmol/L (0.23 g/L) at 20°C
• Density : 1.07 g/cm3 at

However, the process is both time and temperature dependent, with conversion 90% complete within 75 minutes at 93°C. The reaction proceeds via surface-controlled kinetics; when sodium bicarbonate crystals are heated for a short period of time, very fine needle-shaped crystals of anhydrous sodium carbonate are formed on the sodium bicarbonate surface. Sodium bicarbonate is stable in dry air but slowly decomposes in moist air and should therefore be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.

5.9. TALC83:
Nonproprietary Names: BP: Purified Talc, USP: Talc.
Synonyms: Altalc, hydrous magnesium calcium silicate, hydrous magnesium silicate, magnesium hydrogen metasilicate, steatite, talcum.
Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number: Talc [14807-96-6]
Empirical Formula: Mg6 (Si2O5)4 (OH)4.
Functional Category: Anticaking agent; glidant; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet and capsule lubricant.
Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology: Talc was once widely used in oral solid dosage formulations as a lubricant, glidant, and