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American Soft Power Analysis

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Soft power is essentially the power of attraction. It is the ability of a state to attract desirable behaviors in other states - rather than force them through coercion or payments (Nye 2004). Soft power neither grows out of military power nor economic influence – which are considered assets of hard power - but ‘cashes-in’ on the attractiveness of a country’s culture and political ideals as well as domestic and foreign policies. Put differently, a country can use soft power to obtain the outcomes it wants in world politics because other countries , admiring its values, emulating its example, and aspiring to its level of prosperity, want to follow it (Mukherjee, 2014). American soft power, for example, stems largely from the appeal of American …show more content…

For example, sources of China’s soft power include sports, music, art, film, literature, rapid economic growth , foreign policy, humanitarian aid, exchange programs, diplomacy, and participation in multilateral institutions - to name a few (Cho & Jeong, 2008; Zheng, 2009; Kurlantzick, 2007; Kurlantzick, 2006). Taken in the Chinese context, however, the discussion of soft power sometimes assumes different meanings from the one originally proposed by Nye. Over the years, Chinese experts and politicians have debated and redefined the term so much that some commentators even argue it is possible to talk about a “Chinese soft power” (Mingjiang, 2008). Even though Chinese soft power has different interpretations and theories, “the cultural school” - also known as the “Shanghai school”, has gained particular prominence in China’s foreign policies. As implied by its name, “the cultural school” emphasizes culture and its central creed can be summarized in the words of director emeritus of the Shanghai Institute of International Studies, Yu …show more content…

As mentioned in the introduction, for individuals without a first-hand knowledge of a country, filmic portrayal of a country and its culture can play a key role in how they perceive it and is indispensable in nation branding (Dinnie, 2015, p. 38). China’s neighbors like South Korea, Taiwan and Japan have long recognized this and have incorporated national film industries into various policies and soft power strategies (Hong, 2014; Higbee & Hwee Lim, 2010; McGray, 2002). By contrast, China’s film industry is rarely included into foreign policies and does not have prominent place in international soft power strategies. Commercially most popular films focus on Chinese audiences and rarely reveal much about modern China. As shown in Table 1, domestically popular films tend to deal with Chinese mythology, martial arts or historical epics rather than cover contemporary

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Elements of Soft Power in The Open Door Policy: Beyond Liberalism and Realism Class: MAS 2016 Name: Yu Hanqi Lecturer: Dr. Martin Thunert 1 Introduction 1.1 The Open Door Policy The Open Door Policy refers to the United States foreign policy carried out to deal with the situation in China in the late 19th and early 20th century. It was first announced by John Hay, then Secretary of State, in his Open Door Note on September 6, 1899 and dispatched to the major European powers with vested influence and interests in China. If proposed to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, keeping any one power from total control of the country, and calling upon all powers, within their spheres of influence, to refrain from interfering

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During the Cold War, films functioned as a means to influence and control public opinion internally. The United States and the Soviet Union invested heavily in propaganda designed to influence the hearts and minds of people around the world, especially using motion pictures. ”Soviets worked hard to catch up to the Americans, and in 1949 tested their first nuclear bomb. ”-(WTWA pg.754) Cultural competition played out in Moscow, New York, London, and Paris.

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In the article “The Perils of Soft Power”, author Josef Joffe, the newspaper publisher in German indicates that soft power does not necessarily increase the world’s love for America, it still can make enemies, since American thinkers are led by Joseph S. Nye Jr. to argue that the United States should rely more on soft power, but not on hard power. This article was published in the New York Times in 2006, faced to all audiences that in the North America. The purpose of this article is to express the dissatisfaction about the effect of American culture around the world, especially in Europe. Josef points out that hundred years ago, Europe’s universities were the model for the rest of the world to imitate, but today, Europe has lost their luster since the “demonstration effect” of America.

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Films have been a major part of the fabric of American society for many decades now. Americans are constantly bombarded with adverts about the newest number one movie. That said, Americans are continuously judging and critiquing films in the form of movie reviews. Such evaluations result in multiple interpretations of films. Nevertheless, over the course of a lifetime, people are taught many lessons from films.

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We can negosiate and discuss the problem peaceful without killing each other. In politics, we learn about the natural power, there are soft power and hard power. We can use both of them, because it related each other. Hard power—the ability to coerce—grows out of a country 's military or economic. Soft power lies in the ability to attract and persuade and arises from the attractiveness of a country 's culture, political ideals, and policies .

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“That China and the United States would find a way to come together was inevitable given the necessities of the time. It would have happened sooner or later whatever the leadership in either country.” Kissinger draws on the Chinese game of wei qi, a patient contest of encirclement where checkmate is preferred over ultimate victory. Chinese strategists view the quest for a decisive outcome as illusory. Instead, they play a game of combative existence, seeking to improve their relative power position amid the ever changing forces of world politics.

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When discussing both Hollywood remakes as well as globalization, the topic of cultural imperialism comes up. It is first important to understand what exactly cultural imperialism is, according to the Oxford Dictonary, cultural imperialism is “The extension of the influence or dominance of one nation's culture over others, now usually through the exportation of cultural commodities such as film, music, etc.” (Cultural Imperialism). The controversy with this comes about as many people believe Hollywood is encroaching on others cultures in the process of producing their remakes and interpretations of other cultures. One author writes that Hollywood is gutting remakes of European films, “Hollywood persists in remaking ‘foreign’ movies because of their sophistication, worldliness and finesse – then gutting them of it” (Smith Please: No More).

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Hollywood movies affect national culture in various ways. In one sense, movies could be characterized as America’s storytellers. Hollywood movies „Americanize“ global values and beliefs ,therefore they in a way diminish national culture traits and adapt and reinforce American customs. People tend to copy the ideas,customs and culture of American people or in other words they tend to acculturate. So called „Americanization“ is

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From viewing historic events people can come to conclude that groups are motivated by power. There are different types of power used by different actors to promote their own views. Soft power is used by actors to influence other actor. This power is a more congenial tactic compared to hard power. Hard power is usually a force way of getting anything accomplished.

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Topic Critically review an article on leadership. Rao, M. S. (2013). Soft leadership: a new direction to leadership. Industrial and Commercial Training, 45(3), 143 – 149.

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The soft power is increasingly important in the international relations. It can improve the influence of a country and indirectly his economic and political power. The culture in all his manifestations, history, tradition and social customs form his base. Japan, with his culture, has a solid base on which soft power can be built. The Japanese art has impressed the lovers of the art in Europe and North America since more than 150 years.

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Hollywood studios in recent years have became very worried whether the Chinese government will allow its films to be played in China’s theaters. This is because most films are being banned by the government because they are not meeting their censors, which results in losing out on hundreds of millions if not billions of dollars in box office revenue. As was the case with Disney’s “Captain Philips,” which fell $9 million short of projections after Chinese regulators decided to reject the film because of its overly positive depiction of the U.S. military. In the past years the Chinese film market has been dominated by the Chinese Communist Party’s propaganda films. Chinese theaters started showing American movies only in 1994, when the government finally allowed The Fugitive to play in Chinese theaters.

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