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Standard Model Of Policing

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Within the last three decades or so, American policing has made great strides and has seen significant changes in both it’s practice and thinking. The study and interpretation of current practices, new theories and perspectives on policing, in combination with the worlds technological advancements have all brought about these changes in todays policing. In fact, this past decade has proven to be the most innovative. “The following information is a brief overview of the key elements and research results for the most notable police strategies; the standard model of policing, community policing, broken windows policing, hot spots policing, Compstat, and problem-oriented policing” (Santos, 2005). In today’s social climate with it’s ever present …show more content…

Although the standard model of policing strategy now over 60 years old, it still continues to push much of our current police activity today. It’s called the “standard model” for a reason, it’s without a doubt what its name implies, setting the standard for policing across our country. “The standard model of policing encompasses strategies that come to mind when the average person thinks about what police are supposed to do” (Santos, 2005). Characteristically, the strategies of the standard model of policing include the following: rapid response to emergency calls for service in hopes of catching offenders in the process and creating the sense that police can be present anywhere at anytime; randomized motor patrol across communities which creates the image of a “police “omnipresence” to deter crime in public place”; thirdly, “generalized investigations including follow-ups which helps to increase the solvability of crimes; and finally, general reactive arrest policies which helps deter and punish specific offenders as well as deter the general public from committing crimes” (Santos, 2005) Although in many cases these conventionally applied strategic efforts have had limited effectiveness at times, it covers a broad range of reactive approaches. However, this method has not lessened crime, it hasn’t completely eradicated …show more content…

signify that nobody cares, which leads to greater fear of crime and a reduction of a community’s adequacy, which could possibly result in serious crimes and increased signs of incivility, repeating the cycle into a potential spiral of decay within a community. “Broken windows is more narrow in scope than the overarching community policing philosophy and fits well within the community policing context. For example, unlike the community policing philosophy, broken windows does not attempt to identify specific organizational changes in law enforcement agencies that are necessary to institutionalize these types of police interventions” (Scheider,

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“Circumspect Police Ends the Drop in Crime?” This debate topic speaks about police being less proactive, because of vitriol, and causing an increase in crime rates. This debate topic is not directly related to the book, Ghettoside, but falls into the same bracket. The debate talks about the police becoming less involved because of denunciation, and rates of crimes increasing because of that. Ghettoside talks about the black-on-black homicide rates going up, one reason, because of the ignorance of the police.

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This article demonstrates how Bill Bratton, as the Commissioner of the New York Police Department (NYPD) from 1994 to 1996, William J. Bratton fought crime throughout the city of Ney York with legendary achievement, leading a national revolution in attitudes toward policing. Bratton adopted a “broken windows”1 community policing strategy of zero tolerance for minor offenses and championed statistical analysis to prevent crimes before they occurred. In the 70s and 80s, as Bratton continued his career in policing, institutional theories seemed dominant. Nixon’s brand of “tough-on-crime” and “law and order” conservatism meant that community relations were largely ignored by police. In 1982, James Wilson sought to re-establish some balance.

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Before the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, our country had gone through the policing eras of “the political, reform, and community with the four different policing models of traditional, community policing, problem-oriented and zero-tolerance” (Oliver, 2006, p. 49). The attack caused major changes in policing for several reasons. The main reason was a fear by the citizens of another major attack. In 2004 several polls were conducted to measure the fear factor of general

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Community values are an important factor as they affect styles of policing. Every community has different values which alter the way police approach preventing and addressing crime. Some neighborhoods might not want police presence as they feel as if their neighborhood might seem as if its high in criminal activity. Other communities might feel safe seeing patrol vehicles passing through routinely. There is also neighborhoods that might need more aggressive order maintenance as they have higher crime rates.

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Problem solving is used to reduce offending in a community. It believes that crimes are caused by existing social conditions. It involves both law enforcement and the community in ways to reduce or prevent crime (i.e., neighborhood watch). The community is a very important aspect of this operational strategy. Departments need to do more to develop solutions with a partnership of the community.

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The broken-windows theory was enforced before zero-tolerance policy and the Mayor transitioned into a more strict policy for reducing crime. Broken windows policing was effective in reducing crime rates within the United States. The transition into zero-tolerance policy made the police look at small offenses more seriously because these small offenses and low-level crimes could lead to higher offenses. Zero-tolerance was implemented because the Mayor realized all criminal offenses needed to be taken

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The NYPD are not extinguishing crime, they are merely biding their time as authority figures, as New York’s crime rate remains stagnant. The Stop-and-Frisk Law is widely based on the foundation of assumptions and anonymous tip-offs (“Terry...Transcript)."). This matter leaves stop-and-frisk procedures vulnerable to exploitation and unreasonable suspicion. Without any solid evidence to function off of, the NYPD are deluded with the illusion that they are taking measures to stop

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In addition, adversaries claim that violence used by the police promotes violence in the community. As a result of escalated brutality, it is critical for police departments to gain the support of citizens to alter their perception of specialized police units. Nevertheless, with increased violence throughout the United States, it is crucial

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Problem oriented policing is a combination of law enforcement and social work (Jackson, 2016). This combination approach helps police officers to identify problems, analyze then, and determine the underlying cause. Identifying and addressing the root cause of crime is the goal of problem-oriented policing (Roufa, 2017). The SARA model is used to help officers with this method of modern policing. Problem oriented policing and the SARA model are used to proactively prevent crime, vs simply reacting to it.

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Although it is questionable, that policing in America has different time periods. There is an agreement of three major eras of policing in America. Those three era's are, The Political Era, Reform, and Community Policing. (Cheeseman et al. , Chapter 3)

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After reviewing Sir Robert Peel's nine principles of policing I believe all nine principles are still evident in modern policing. These principles of policing were created as a standard for initial modern police forces, however due to modernization of policing through technology and training, some of these standards have evolved to adapt to today’s standards of policing. Let us examine how these principles were the foundation for modern police forces, and the standards they coincide with today, beginning with Peel’s first principle. Peel’s first principle states the basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder (Dempsey & Forst, 2016).

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