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Stimulation Seeking Theory Paper

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Over the last century, scientific improvements have allowed humans to research further into biology and neuroscience than ever before. Biological processes have been found to be heritable; some of which may act as markers for certain types of behavior (Oritz & Raine, 2004). Extensive research has been conducted into which biological factors could cause antisocial behavior, including increased height, low serotonin levels, and low cortisol (Oritz & Raine, 2004). Biological markers of antisocial behavior such as these give insight into how genetics may play a role in predisposing children to conduct disorder (Oritz & Raine, 2004). Specifically, the autonomic measure lower resting heart rate may be one of the most important markers of antisocial …show more content…

Every individual has a level of stimulation at which they operate most efficiently and optimally (Raine, 2013). Stimulation seeking theory suggests that people with low heart rates are in an unpleasant physiological state, and display antisocial behavior in order to increase their levels of arousal to efficient levels (Oritz & Raine, 2004). It is no coincidence that heart rate levels are at their lowest during adolescence; a time when stimulation seeking and antisocial behavior are at their peek (Raine, …show more content…

Measuring low heart rate at as young as three years old can be an accurate predictor of antisocial behavior at a later age (Oritz & Raine, 2004). As many other biological markers can be used to predict a variety of disorders, low heart rate is solely related to antisocial behavior. Low heart rate is diagnostically specific and extremely cheap to access (Raine, 2013). Even though every child with a low heart rate will not become an offender, it could be probable to diagnose low heart rate individuals early on that already exhibit antisocial characteristics. Using low heart rate as a biomarker of antisocial behavior could allow for doctors to help steer antisocial at risk children towards social activities and away from antisocial activities to increase arousal levels (De Vries-Bouw et al., 2011). Stimulants could be introduced that increase heart rate to help certain low heart rate children deviate from antisocial activities, as ADHD pills have already begun doing. Finally, different intervention strategies could be used for antisocial children with higher heart rates that do not show a biological need for increased levels of arousal (De Vries-Bouw et al., 2011). Better predictability of antisocial behavior early in life could create better prevention and intervention strategies in the

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Theories such as, Inherited Criminality, Appearance, and even theories regarding the poor development of key areas of the Central Nervous System (CNS), could all be factors. But what really stands out, is how these biological factors may have interacted within the environment in which these children grew up (Bernard, 2016). Most of the children featured in the documentary were abused, delinquent, and often used drugs and alcohol. Any undetermined biological or physical factor as identified by the biological theories of crime, could very well have played a role when factored into the environmental conditions that the child was growing up

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Adolf Hitler set up concentration camps in Germany in 1933 to incarcerate opponents to his regime, leading to the creation of Evil killing factories for a kind of barbarism and genocide that is unique in the history of humanity. The Nazi regime surrendered on May 8th, 1945, leaving behind millions of victims and traumatized people, and research is still going on into the Nazi camps to understand the history of the camps and uncover the secrets of how Adolf Hitler's killing machine functioned. The most important details are that the number of Jews to be eliminated was 11 million, and that a secret operation invented the gassing process as early as 1939. Researchers have met the last survivors and archaeologists and have access to unseen remains

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Biological, developmental, and situational perspectives are all critical in influencing criminal behavior. The biological perspective suggests that genetic and neurological factors influence criminal behavior. For example, some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to aggressive behavior or a neurological condition that affects impulse control. This perspective emphasizes the role of biology in shaping behavior. The developmental perspective emphasizes the role of environmental factors, such as upbringing and childhood experiences, in shaping behavior.

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This theory clearly rules out the effect of inherited or innate factors, and the last is the cognitive theory, which is based on how the perception of an individual is manifested into affecting his or her potential and capability to commit a crime. (Psychological theories of crime) Relating these theories to the case under study, it’s clear that the behaviour can be traced most times to faulty relationships in the family during the first years of

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I think this is why so many juveniles do the crime because there are going through the loss of their tissue. In the article by Paul Thompson called “ starting finds on teenage brains” says in quote that they have done test on many different teens and the results are so shocking that in the area that controls the impulses are very risk taking and self control. And the frontal lobes of the brain that also inhibit the violent passions that put the plug on why these juveniles do the crime. The result to this is that they are founded a different way to reshape the brain during the lost of brain tissue so that they can be normal like if they had never lost any

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The biological theory of crime attempts to explain criminal behavior as something that is physiological and unavoidable. One physiological factor would be the underdeveloped prefrontal brain region. It has been shown to cause people to lack the ability to control impulses and reason effectively and the human prefrontal brain region does not fully develop until the mid-20’s. This is especially relevant to this case because, as Van Ryebroek mentioned, 12-year-old girls lacked impulse control. In addition to the biological causes attributing to this crime, these girls are psychologically ill.

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The meta-analysis of 43 imaging studies carried out by Yang and Raine, found that reduced structure and function of regions of the prefrontal cortex, including the right OFC, right ACC and left DLPFC, is linked to increased antisocial behaviour. This leads researchers, to conclude that prefrontal impairments play a significant role in antisocial populations, highlighting the significance of a functional prefrontal

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In her essay, “The Irrationality of Life Sentences”, Jennifer Lackey shares that there are biological factors that contribute to a child’s differing thought processes. She says that “the prefrontal cortex of the brains of adolescents is still developing, and so they are more likely than adults to act on impulse, engage in dangerous or risky behavior, and misread social cues and emotions” (Lackey 1089). These biological differences, and the childhood lack of brain development, are causes for children to commit crime. Though they do not excuse the behavior, they should be taken into account empathetically. If these aspects were to be taken into further consideration in the future,

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Retrieved April 22, 2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antisocial-personality-disorder/home/ovc-20198975 Diagnostic Taxonomy/15 Personality Spectra. (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2016, from http://www.millonpersonality.com/theory/diagnostic-taxonomy/ McMurran, M., & Howard, R. C. (2008). Personality, personality disorder and risk of violence: An evidence-based approach. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

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Physical punishment executed upon a child to quickly correct misbehavior may instead attribute to the development of aggressive behavior, which may “exhibit high degrees of antisocial and delinquent behavior in adolescence and criminal behavior in adulthood”(Bavolek 2). Although the method of physically punishing a child is used to quickly restore order within a child’s behavior, children who experience corporal punishment are “destined to continue abuse in our families”(Keyser 2). There is also robust evident that children who are physically punished frequently are automatically put at a higher risk for mental health problems, “ranging from anxiety and depression to alcohol and drug abuse”(Cuddy, and Reeves 2). Corporal punishment used amongst children in which later resulted with problems in the child’s health are arranged in two strong associations with the “immediate compliance by the child and physical abuse of the child by the parent”(Geroff, and Larzelere 1). The use of corporal punishment in parenting a child develops behavioral problems in his or her personality that are resulted from the child's physical and mental health issues; therefore, the child’s skills are damaged from the abusive

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Adrian Raine, criminologist and author of "The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime," has said before, is a very important factor in criminal behaviour that affects about 75% of a person’s criminal activity. In his book, Raine explores the many evidences that lead up to biological and genetic influences on crime

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1436 Words | 6 Pages

Emotional and cognitive development are related with a child’s ability to control behavior in social situations (Wasserman et al., 2003). Poor cognitive development can impede academic achievement, which in turn affects behavior and puts a child even more at risk of becoming a delinquent. Hyperactivity, in which a child is restless and fidgety, makes it more likely that a child would later be involved in delinquent behavior; however, hyperactivity alone does not necessarily lead to delinquency. As Lahey, McBurnett and Loeber stated (2000), “hyperactivity leads to delinquency only when it occurs with physical aggression or oppositional behavior” (pg. 4). A dangerous combination of hyperactivity and physical or oppositional behavior can put children at risk of becoming violent young

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According to Siegel (2015), trait theory is the view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits which can be subdivided into two major categories: those that stress biological makeup and those that stress psychological functioning (p. 109). Biological trait theories includes four different conditions: biochemical, neurophysiological, genetic, and evolutionary. Biochemical factors will include diet, hypoglycemia, hormonal influences, premenstrual syndrome, lead exposure, and environmental contaminants. Neurophysiological factors will include brain structure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, brain chemistry, and arousal theory. Genetic causes could stem from parental deviance, adoption studies, and

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Children that exhibit such behaviours are most likely to become teenagers who are severely affected by problems associated with aggression, substance abuse, and mental health issues. In their adulthood, the situation

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We all know that parents, since the child is born, are always by their child’s side since they share a same home and should be the one to monitor their children while he or she is growing up. David P. Farrington (Farrington, n.d) stated that family factor, poor parental child-rearing methods especially lack of guidance and control from parents, is the most common answer when people are asked about the main cause of crimes. Moreover, according to Lieb Roxanne (1994), family components can predict an early sign of delinquency. Some weak way of predictions are based on the socioeconomic status of the family, and the less affection of the child to parents. However, the lack of guidance and letting the child to feel being unwanted is a strong predictor or root of

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