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Stoughton's Killer Problem Summary

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Recommended: Police efficiency and effectiveness

Stoughton, S. (2015). Law Enforcement’s “WARRIOR” Problem
Harvard Law Review Association.

In this non-fiction article printed inside Harvard Law Review forum the author, assistant professor of Law at the University of South Carolina and prior law enforcement officer Seth Stoughton presents the debate of law enforcement possessing a “Warrior Mindset” vs. “Guardian Mindset”. Stoughton defines “Warrior Mindset” and reports law enforcement professionals across the United States have erred in adopting the mentality and its practices. Stoughton instead offers and defines an alternative referred to as the “Guardian Mindset” designed to foster trust and the development of community relationships with law enforcement.

Waters, G. (2012). Social Media and Law Enforcement Potential Risks
FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin.

Social Media and Law Enforcement …show more content…

Review: Federal Support for Local Law Enforcement Acquisition Executive Office of the President

This review conducted by the Executive Office of the President detailed procurement of federal equipment to state and local law enforcement agencies. The review names office furniture, computers, and personal protective equipment as the bulk of federally supplied equipment. The review sheds light on the parameters examined by the federal government before equipment is provided and audit of the current processes for best practices.

Karandinos et al. (2013) The Moral Economy of Violence in the US Inner City
Chicago Journals

Field Research conducted in a predominately Puerto Rican neighborhood located inside Philadelphia’s northern section captures true life events. Interviews, statistics, and moral compasses are used to examine The Moral Economy of Violence in the inner city. Bringing forth how an individual’s Scio-economic environment influences morality and decision making through the eyes of Philadelphia’s inhabitants.

Bureau of Justice Assistance (1994) Understanding Community Policing A Frame work for

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“...Much of the recent crime increase threatens the vitality of America’s cities–and thousands of lives–it is not, in itself, the greatest danger in today’s war on cops. The greatest danger lies, rather, in the delegitimation of law and order itself’ (Mac Donald). In the book “The War on Cops: How the New Attack on Law and Order Makes Everyone Less Safe,” published in the year of 2016, author Heather Mac Donald provides credible evidence to expand on her viewpoint of our country’s current criminal crisis. In addition to “The War on Cops, Mac Donald has written two other books. Her works “Are Cops Racist?”

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The author expands his explanations with various sociological theories. Moreover, he discusses why the poor urban areas attract police officers to patrol them more often. The content of certain chapters is used in sociological and political explanations of police brutality. Holmes, M. D., & Smith, B. W. (2008). Race and police brutality: Roots of an urban dilemma.

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This article demonstrates how Bill Bratton, as the Commissioner of the New York Police Department (NYPD) from 1994 to 1996, William J. Bratton fought crime throughout the city of Ney York with legendary achievement, leading a national revolution in attitudes toward policing. Bratton adopted a “broken windows”1 community policing strategy of zero tolerance for minor offenses and championed statistical analysis to prevent crimes before they occurred. In the 70s and 80s, as Bratton continued his career in policing, institutional theories seemed dominant. Nixon’s brand of “tough-on-crime” and “law and order” conservatism meant that community relations were largely ignored by police. In 1982, James Wilson sought to re-establish some balance.

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While the other book used is useful for providing an account of what happened at the beginning of the decade, this book is able to look at police brutality throughout the 1990s and how the earlier events impacted the later ones. Journal Articles Matheson, Victor A., and Robert A. Baade. “Race and Riots: A Note on the Economic Impact of the Rodney King Riots.” Urban Studies, vol. 41, no. 13, 2004, pp. 2691–2696, Academic Search Premier, doi:10.1080/0042098042000294628.

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New York: Ferguson, 2007. Print. This book introduces readers to an adventurous career in law enforcement Kronenwetter, Michael. The FBI and Law Enforcement Agencies of the United States. Springfield, NJ: Enslow, 1997.

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Elijah Anderson’s commentary Code of the Streets describes the unwritten laws in urban neighborhoods. Anderson considers the code to be a response to the stigma of race, excessive drug use, lack of high paying jobs, and lack of hope for the future. Respect or “juice” is at the heart of the code and in this environment, an individual is defined by the respect he commands from others (Anderson 6). Anderson argues that the poor have a different system of values than the middle and upper classes. He describes families in the lower class as either “decent” or “street (Anderson 2).

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Training ranges from “firearms to physical defensive training” (ARCS Federal, 2015). Initially, police officers were using the Use of Force continuums to determine which level of force would be applied from the suspect’s actions (Johnston, 2015). However, the continuums caused problems for police officers in court because the court and police officers had different viewpoints about whether the Use of Force tactic used was reasonable. This specific pitfall, one of seven, led law enforcement agencies to analyze Use of Force situations from the FLETC approach. Also, the FLETC approach made sure police officers “based their decisions upon the same criteria that will be used by the courts to

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After years of ungrounded criticism from the press and activists, after highly publicized litigation and the passage of ill-considered laws—such as the one making officers financially liable for alleged “racial profiling”—NYPD officers have radically scaled back their discretionary activity. Pedestrian stops have dropped 80 percent citywide and almost 100 percent in some areas. The department is grappling with how to induce officers to use their lawful authority again to stop crime before it happens. Garner’s death was a heartbreaking tragedy, but the unjustified backlash against misdemeanor enforcement is likely to result in more tragedy for New Yorkers” (36, Heather Mac Donald).” Here, Mac Donald makes me feel threatened by the criminal justice system.

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Law Enforcement wearing Body Cameras In today’s world, crime is at an all time high and it is a very serious issue and we need a solution to take care of these serious problems these problems will only grow over time and it is time something is done about it. It is very important to keep this world a safe place as our population grows. A solution could be for police to wear body cameras to prevent abuse towards law enforcement, police abuse towards citizens, and to help in some court cases involving police brutality.

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Police Brutality and Racial Profiling Black people who were unarmed were killed more than whites by police last year. “Black people are three times more likely to be killed by police in the United States than white people (BBC Podcast, 2015).” Although the extent of police racial bias and their previous abusive behavior is unknown (if any), there are other issues that are known. The purpose of this paper is to argue that race and ethnicity, social class, and bias are reasons that lead to police atrocity among African Americans.

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An occurrence observed by the population of Los Angeles, California conveys the existence of racism and police brutality. According to The Polls-Trends: Racial Differences in Attitudes Toward the Police, “…three quarters of blacks, but only 38 percent of whites, continued to view police brutality as a common occurrence” (Tuch and Weitzer

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The topic for this research proposal project is on community policing, and the factors that are involved in determining if relationships between law enforcement and citizens in these neighborhoods are strained. In order to be successful, community policing must be built on trust, as both civilians and law enforcement must work hand in hand to protect their communities. If there is a lack of trust, then these programs becomes broken, and can therefore lead to other violence and criminal acts. This research proposal project will focus on minority based communities and citizens, where the majority of the citizens are either African American or Hispanic.

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Rationale I chose this topic as my research paper because their performance concerned me over this past few years. I wanted to know how law enforcement are effective in enforcing the law and what factors can prevent it to happen. I develop an interest toward law enforcers and how I admire them because of their efforts. They’re willing to risk their lives and vowed to protect the public with their capabilities. Introduction Law enforcement is a system where individuals or group of members are willing to maintain public safety in an organized manner.

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Columbus SWAT Officer Shot in the Line of Duty The latent trait theory and the trajectory theory are two completely different theories that criminologists use to determine why a person may commit a crime. There appear to be many theories out there as to what causes a person to commit a crime and remain criminals throughout their life course or they can change their life paths and desist their criminal careers. We always here about the officers that shoot and kill someone and people will riot in the streets over this, however, we rarely hear about the officers that risk their lives daily and sometimes lose their lives in the line of duty. This paper will talk about the latent theory and trajectory theory and explain why one does the best job

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‘’Most officers enter law enforcement with minimal experience in the field or in handling the moral dilemmas that officers typically encounter. They learn how to perform their jobs, as well as recognize the organizational norms, values, and culture, from their peers and supervisors. While supervisors provide direct, formal reinforcement, officers’ peers offer friendship and informal rewards that, in many cases, hold greater influence than official recognition from the agency’’ (Fitch, 2011). Officers who come across situations where they are unsure what is morally and ethically best to do often turn to their peers for assurance and guidance. Good ethical behavior can easily be influenced by officers and those in law enforcement.

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