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Summary Of Two Treaties Of Government By John Locke

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In John Locke’s ‘Two Treaties of Government’ he noted all of his theories and ideas. Locke characterizes the ‘state of nature’ as equality. No person has control over another person, all are allowed to do whatever they want, however they wanted. Natural law still exists with state of nature. Locke states that natural law basically requests that discipline fit the wrongdoing; an individual in the state of nature can review any crime to discourage the guilty party from rehashing it. Locke concludes by stating that all people are in a state of nature until an exceptional conservative or understanding between them makes them parts of a political society. The defining of natural liberty is the choice to be under no legislative power and to be ruled under the laws of nature. Locke’s idea of slavery was that no person had absolute power over another person deeming no one could voluntarily be a slave. The only possible way of slavery was doing the state of war between a legal victor and a hostage, when the hostage has been forced into submission. Locke notes that no one should sell themselves into slavery because no one has full control over them neither their liberty. …show more content…

The law of self-preservation says that a person has the right to kill under self-defense. There was a difference between ‘the state of nature’ and ‘the state of war’. The state of nature includes individuals living together; represented by reason, without a typical prevalent, while the state of war happens when individuals make plans of energy upon other individuals, without a typical power. One of the real reasons individuals enter into society is to maintain a strategic distance from the state of war, for the vicinity of an incomparable force restrains the need for war and expands solidness and

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Locke’s foundation for all his assertions on liberty is “that creatures of the same species and rank, promiscuously born to all the same advantages of nature, and the use of the same faculties, should be also equal” (Locke 8). With this comes “natural liberty” which Locke defines as “to be free from any superior power on earth,…to have only the law of nature for his rule” (Locke 17). The state of nature is something that all men are born into, but must leave to gain both stability and law because in the state of nature, as Locke write above, nature is the only force that rules man. Once one leaves the state of nature a shift is seen; now, “the liberty of man, in society, is to be under no other legislative power, but, that established, by consent” (Locke 17). Locke equates the “law of Nature” as being related to the “law of God” and it is here where Locke’s argument can be seen as divinely ordained, in the same way Louis XIV’s rule was vested in God’s power (Locke 7).

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Although, their views on the type of government and the natural rights of its citizens greatly differed, especially regarding the state of nature. The state of nature is an idea used in political philosophy that was used by Enlightenment philosophers. It’s a representation of human nature without society. Locke believed that “Men living according to reason, without a common superior on earth, to judge between them, is properly the state of nature.”

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In his version of the “state of nature if anyone may punish someone for something bad that he has done, then everyone may do so That is how in a state of nature one man comes to have a legitimate power over another”. (Locke) The United States government is a pioneering government that is based on the concept of self government. In its basis, the constitution, it is written “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union” (Washington) showing that this was to be a government by the people and for the

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New England was fed up with the Church of England and the Puritans wanted to recreate their own religion which they thought was more what God had believed was the intended belief. They both decided that neither of them like the way England was set up and said that England was no good for their beliefs. They planned to leave England and go to the new world to set up a life where their children had the chance to be raised in a perfect society with no corruption. Concentrated on town life and industries, they made a living off of fishing, whaling and shipbuilding. Whale oil was key because it made their lamps.

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The United States Constitution guarantees citizens’ rights such as freedom of speech and religion, right to a speedy and public trial, and right against unreasonable searches and seizures. With these rights come responsibilities such as paying taxes and obeying federal, state, and local laws. Some are voluntary such as voting and being an active participant in the community. Citizenship rights outlined in the United States Constitution stem from Second Treatise of Government, Spirit of Laws, and Social Contract. These documents emphasize the rights and responsibilities of citizens in a democracy and provided the basis for the Constitution.

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In his Second Treatise of Government, Locke revealed his interests in new science, developing theories of education and knowledge (SMW, 34). One of the main points in his Treatise is that of the law of nature, where all men are in natural state of perfect freedom (SMW, 34). Locke argues, “Men being…by nature all free, equal, and independent,

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Daemonologie and the religious tensions of late 16th Century Scotland In the second half of the 16th century, Scotland was experiencing a political and religious revolution with war between Catholics and Protestants, the progression of the Reformation and tensions between church and state. In 1597, following his involvement in the North Berwick Witch Trials, James VI published a treatise called Daemonologie. This work had a significant impact, sparking a widespread national witch hunt.

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In order to understand its influence however, one must contemplate what Locke defined as natural rights. According to Second Treatise of Government, Locke defines “life, health,

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Individuals in a state of nature are subject to a natural state of freedom and independence where every individual is equal. It is not until individuals join a political society that equalities are no longer balanced. While there are rights and equalities from the law of nature, according to Locke, those values begin to have stipulations once individuals voluntarily undertake and manipulate them much like power holders (the government) in a democracy. The government is limited to fulfilling the purposes of natural law, and it has the power to promote the common good that extends to actions designed to increase population, strengthen the economy, and so on. But with power and positive goals come negative reactions, as one becomes increasingly politically empowered then one becomes not only more power-hungry, but also greedy as well.

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Locke shows that our natural state is freedom and happiness. How would one achieve their natural state if the government is corrupted? In section 121, Locke provides information on how to avoid the conduct and rules of the government. Although that the government does have power over rules and conducts, Locke says there is a self evident trust between the government and the people for them to achieve their natural state. If the people are not in their natural state the government has broken the trust and the people are justified to no longer obey the governments conduct or any of the rules.

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removed the definitions of the rights he had been given in terms of what threatened them lost their bearings and at the same time their content (Mead, 1915). Once man committed wrong, he equivalently enters to the state of war which I insist to be a situation where man already dethrones natural rights he have. Locke is right when he mentioned that he that in the state of nature would take away the freedom that belongs to any one in that state must necessarily supposed to have a design to take away everything else, that freedom being the foundation of all the rest (Prometheus Books , 1986). No man has the right to use natural right for the sake of performing wrong for the betterment of the society. Speech of man supposed to be the powerful

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Locke’s definition of liberty depends on whether the person is in the state of nature, in which people are “without subordination or subjection” (Locke 101) or if they have formed into a commonwealth, or whenever “any number of men are so united into one society, as to quit every one his executive power of the law of nature, and resign it to the public” (Locke 137-38). In the Lockean state of nature, men have a “freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and persons” (Locke 101). This freedom is still limited by what Locke refers to as the law of nature, or that “no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions” (Locke 102). He also defines the liberty of the state of nature as “not to be under any will or legislative authority of man” (Locke 109). In his form of commonwealth, there is more limited freedom, in which liberty is to “be under no legislative power, but that established, by the consent of the commonwealth” (Locke 110).

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