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Tangentopoli: The Rise Of The Roman Republic

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For the first time in the 1980’s the Christian Democrat party began to lose power, as the Communists became less revolutionary, and the Socialist party led by Bettino Craxi came to power. Craxi was suspicious of the Communist party’s ties with Russia, and formed an alliance with the Christian Democrats and three smaller parties that stayed intact until 1992. As Craxi’s popularity with the public plummeted from 1992 to 1994 due to corruption, the country continued to face significant challenges with massive debt, widespread corruption, and the influence of organized crime. The political system was commonly referred to as Tangentopoli, or bribe city, and an extensive investigation began as voters increasingly demanded changes and reforms. …show more content…

The Roman Republic, which began in 509 BCE, was the first established government lasting for approximately 500 years. It was followed by the establishment of the Roman Empire in 27 BCE which was ruled by a series of emperors until 476 CE. The city-state form of government then rose in Italy and lasted until the country was unified and Rome was made the capital of the kingdom of Italy in 1861 under a monarchy. The monarchy remained in power in name only as the dictatorship of Mussolini was instituted in the 1920’s. Following the deposing of Mussolini, the monarchy continued until 1946 when Italy adopted a parliamentary republic government …show more content…

As the upper house, the decision was made for the Italian Senate to have 322 members with elections that would be conducted regionally in the twenty regions. Having been designated as the lower house, 630 seats were assigned to the Italian Chamber of Deputies. These seats were to be voted on by twenty-six constituencies representing the country, and members served five year terms for both chambers. Some members were directly elected while others were elected by regional proportional representation. All citizens were required to be 18 years of age to vote unless it was a senatorial election when voters had to be 25. Voting in Italy was organized by a “Party List” system where party candidates were ranked, and top candidates of the party which received the most votes were chosen to fill the

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The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, had intentions of making Rome the best it could be, which contradicted the visions of the Senators. The two brothers grew up during a tough time in the Roman Empire, but they took it upon themselves to make a difference. “The Empire went through tremendous growth, through both acquisition of land, slaves, and various citizen classes.” This drastic growth ultimately led to a fall in the Roman political system. Tiberius, the older brother, founded the idea of the agrarian laws, which was later continued by his younger brother, Gaius, after his death.

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INTRODUCTION: According to (National Geographic Society, 2022). As the final Etruscan king of Rome was deposed, the Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE. With two representatives chosen by legislative assemblies to preside over the Roman Senate and lead the Roman military, the Roman government functioned as a representative democracy in the form of a republic. Nevertheless, the Roman Republic never aspired to be a direct democracy; instead, it had a fused government that combined elements of "kingship," "aristocracy," and democracy.

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When comparing the Roman Republic to the Roman empire they are very different, but also share a few common grounds.   The Roman Republic was formed in 509 BC.   Once it began to expand it began the most powerful nation in the world (Admin ). However, once the senators, representatives, and congressman started to become more powerful, things started to become very chaotic. Therefore, 500 years later the Roman Empire had been created.

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This patronage system, known as the Spoils System, gave loyal supporters (of a political party) government jobs at the local, state, or even federal level, if that party won the important elections that gave it power. Choosing the correct party was the most important decision of some supporters since their decision could mean to have a paycheck or no job at all. “To the victor go the spoils,” was one of the phrases used to describe the spoils system and since it could give people jobs in an instance. This system prompted many government employees to vote in great numbers so they could retain their jobs. The Spoils System brought up many controversies about its functionality even inside parties, and this led to separation because of politician’s

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The Roman Senate was composed of 300 members, who were chosen from the most prominent families in Rome. The Senate was responsible for making laws and advising the consuls, and its members served for life. In addition to the Senate, there were also other assemblies of the people, such as the Comitia Centuriata, which was responsible for electing consuls and passing laws. Undemocratic Practices of the Republic While the Roman Republic was characterized by democratic elements, it was also marked by undemocratic practices. One of the most significant of these was the exclusion of plebeians from political power.

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However, it is not the only party existing in Italy, there are smaller parties, for example, on the center of the right, there are two: Italian Liberal Party (PLI) and the Italian Republican Party (PRI). Both, PRI and PLI are concentrated on the secular population in controversy to the Christian Democrats. The liberal parties were on top of the Italian politics only before the World War I, and due to the cooperation with Benito Mussolini, liberal parties were brought into discredit after the end of the war. Another type of parties formed in Italy, the Republicans, which in the post-war period were brought back due to the support of the industrialists and huge business leaders. Economically speaking, the Liberals in most cases explicitly belonged to the right of the DC.

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The composition and the governing structure of the Roman republic was not uniform throughout its existence, but some of the fundamental elements of its government came into being in the immediate aftermath of the monarchy’s collapse. Therefore, it is unsurprising that many of these institutions were created in reaction to the monarchy and its failures, and thus were shaped by this relationship. For example, the fundamental opposition to monarchy and the rule of kings that came with the experience of the Kingdom of Rome, remained quite strong in the Roman mindset throughout the existence of the Republic and into the beginnings of the Roman Empire, and its influence can be seen throughout Roman political discourse especially in the discussion

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The ancient roman republic stated to decline in 75 B.C. Rome became victim to many civil wars and its government was undecided. Along with these problems slaves were also starting to rebel. For all of this chaos came Julius Ceasar who was at the time a military commander. He eventually becomes dictator and makes some vary important decisions for Rome.

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The fall of the Roman Republic was because of The Civil War and Julius Caesar between 49 to 45 BC. Julius Caesar was born on 12 July, 100 BC and died on 15 March 44 BC, a renowned military general, historian, politician and historical scholar who conquered Rome and helped initiate the end of the Roman Republic when he declared himself the dictator of the empire through the Roman Civil war which he started (Bobertz, 2022). The Rubicon river was a division between Rome from its northern provinces, so crossing it would have been viewed as a direct invasion. In 49 BC Caesar crossed it and it was seen as a direct invasion which sparked the confrontation between him and the Romans since he wanted the glory of the Roman empire and its consulship.

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Another factor was the need for a new form of government following the overthrow of the Roman monarchy in 509 BCE. The Roman Republic was founded as a compromise between patricians and plebeians, with a complex system of checks and balances to prevent any one group from acquiring too much power (Lumen Learning, n.d.). In addition to coinciding with a period of territorial expansion and conquest, the establishment of the Roman Republic coincided with the beginning of Rome's influence expansion across Italy and beyond. This expansion created new economic opportunities for the Romans and heightened social and political tensions as various groups competing for power and resources (Lumen Learning,

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Furthermore, labor strikes in the country helped redistribute labor and wealth (Duggan, 2013). Despite those successes, the Socialists were unable to seize power in Italy. As a result, the Socialist Party split into factions, including the Communist Party. The Fascists, led by Mussolini, used the threat of communist revolution to take over Italian politics. Mussolini had socialist political origins and had a history as a journalist, editor, and socialist agitator (Duggan, 2013).

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The Roman Republic was an ancient Roman civilization that was created after the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom in 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the creation of the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic was created in order for the rich men named aristocrats to gain even more power by removing kings from the Roman government. Soon after, the Roman upper class turned politics into a violent competition in their strive for power. Gaius Marius’ creation of “client armies” led soldiers to become more loyal towards their commander than the republic. This resulted in a commander named Lucius Cornelius Sulla overtaking Rome with his client army and establishing himself as a dictator.

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The legendary Roman Empire lasted from 753 B.C.E. all the way until 1453 A.D. However Rome split in two at about 395 A.D. which crippled the ancient Rome we know. So really ancient Rome lived from 753 B.C.E. to 476 A.D. But the name of Rome continued on in the Byzantine empire for about another 1000 years. Yet many people nowadays still refer to Rome as one of the greatest ancient civilizations of all time.

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