Recommended: Age recommendations for mammographic scans
While screening tests are tremendously vital and have proved life-saving on countless occasions to ensure that individuals do not unknowingly have a certain disease, they are not always necessary. For example, this is seen in the screening test for Prostate cancer, called the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test. As of today, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) does not universally recommend that men get screened for Prostate cancer. The USPSTF is an important and relevant organization to follow for screening guidelines because it works to improve the health of all Americans through striving to make accurate, up-to-date, and relevant recommendations about preventative services in primary care.
Every doctor is allowed that fact; however, an excuse for lack of ethics is never the case. The amount of pure defiance of any ethical practice in the case of Henrietta, her cells, and her family is absurd and almost unrealistic. “There's no indication that Henrietta questioned [her doctor]; like most patients in the 1950s, she deferred to anything her doctors said. This was a time when “benevolent deception” was a common practice- doctors often withheld even the most fundamental information from their patients, sometimes not giving them any diagnosis at all. They believed it was best not to confuse or upset patients with frightening terms they might not understand, like cancer.
One of the most important concepts in the medical field nowadays is informed consent. Unfortunately, a few years ago this was not the case. The lack of importance given to informed consent can clearly be seen in the novel The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot. The novel that tells the story of an African American woman with cancer (Henrietta Lacks) who doctors and researchers took samples of cells (HeLa cells) in her body (without obtaining informed consent from her or her family) to conduct research studies. Chester Southam was a well- respected cancer researcher and chief of virology at Sloan- Kettering Institute for Cancer Research.
As polyps will normally produce no symptoms, you will not be aware of their presence. Screening is the only way in which polyps can be found, therefore it is important for you to attend the screening process if you are invited to do so. Polyps are not considered
Misdiagnosis is a huge problem that accounts for a large number of deaths in the United States and around the world. Some of the causes of this could be from the amount of time doctors have with their patients and bias the doctors can have. Susannah was an exception in being able to pay for the treatment she received. The average American would have likely not been able to afford this type of care. This highlights the major medical divide that is present in the country.
I feel that it is necessary to take advantage of the medical innovations acquired through the discovery of HeLa cells, even if it was not done ethically. At the time when the medical innovations were first coming out, there was no knowledge of the foul play that had occurred. Public health systems were able to use the technologies discovered to improve the quality of life for millions of people. In that respect alone I feel that the public health system was accurate. When the discovery of the negative practices arose, I feel that public health systems still responded effectively as they became major players in the process of regulating research and protecting its subjects.
Diagnostic mammography. Diagnostic mammography is similar to screening mammography except that more pictures of the breast are taken, and it is often used when a woman is experiencing signs, such as a new lump or nipple discharge. Diagnostic mammography may also be used if something suspicious is found on a screening
Tuesday, October 22nd, WebMD interviewed Laura Shepardson, MD, a breast examining radiologist at The Cleveland Clinic. They asked her about her opinions on the updated recommended age for mammograms announced by The American Cancer Society. The recommended age changed from annual checkups starting at 45 and every other year starting at age 55 to annual mammograms starting at age 40. Shepardson explains that these recommendations need to constantly be updated to pair with the furthering in studies and technology. Many other reliable foundations recommend various ages, which lead to much confusion for women.
In 1913, an organization called the American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC) was established in New York City “by ten physicians and five laymen” (Philpott). Cancer was rarely discussed in public at this time in history; “information concerning this illness was cloaked in a climate of fear and denial” (American Cancer Society: History). Thus began the ASCC’s journey to raise public awareness about cancer. To do this, “they wrote articles for popular magazines and professional journals, published a monthly bulletin of cancer information, and recruited doctors to help educate the public” (Our History). This organization would later become known as the American Cancer Society (ACS) in 1945.
Despite the new changes, the American Cancer Society says it’s still important for a woman to talk with her doctor about her risk, and decide what’s best for her health. If she decides to get a mammogram between the ages of 40-44, can still get one, and women older than 55 can still get one every year. Dr. Sahinler agrees with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) which says women should get a mammogram every one to two years, starting at the age of
Treatment Plan of Ms. Smith Micah Sparks Grand Canyon University Treatment Plan Case History for Treatment Plan Psychological Evaluation Name: Sally Smith SS#: 000-00-0000 DOB/Age: 6/10/1972 42-years-old Date of Examination: 11/26/2016 Examiners: Fred Looney, PhD Chief Complaint: Mental Sources of Information: Clinical Interview with Sally Smith Medical Records Brief Mental Status Examination Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) Background Information: Ms. Smith is a 42-year-old African American female born November 10, 1972. She currently lives in with her mother.
The Trials That Changed History “The Nuremberg Trial of German war criminals was tactically based on recognition of the principle: criminal actions cannot be excused if committed on government orders; conscience supersedes the authority of the law of the state. -Albert Einstein”. During World War II, many Nazis committed horrible crimes, including murder and human experiments. While the war was going on, they were not punished, and were not even recognized for their crimes. However, The Nuremberg Trials in Germany, punished many Nazis for their crimes, and proved that evil will be punished.
A number of challenges to the improvement of evidence-based practice, they are as follows, The major challenge is difficult to determine the direction of clinical decisions within the domains of
Research is costly in terms of money, time, energy and expertise. I t is all a wasted and frustrated effort if the professional is not aware of its potential usefulness. Some patients contribute in creating this barrier when they are not educated well enough to accept new charges that are different from what they know. 6.3 APPLICATION IN CURRENT
The later the diagnosis, the less options an individual has in regards to treatment, especially if the patient has a lower SES status. The higher the socioeconomic status an
