Russia following the release of Mongol control sought to imitate the culture and innovations of western Europe after being impeded by what is called the “Mongol Yoke” which portrays the isolation from the innovations in western Europe during Mongol control. Russia used the orthodox Church as a reconstructive force which oriented Russia toward the Byzantine Empire. Due to this fact Russia did not cut themselves off entirely with western Europe and after the fall of the Constantinople in 1453 this relationship
Byzantine Religion Video Research Page Source #1: "Byzantine Empire." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Livius, 28 Apr. 2011. Web. 6 Oct. 2015. .
The Muslims in the East had more success in building a more efficient society because they placed emphasis on expansion to promote economic stability. In 1453, Constantinople fell into the hands of the Ottoman Empire (Doc 4), thus allowing the Ottoman Empire to control the Bosporus Strait. The Bosporus Strait connects the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, permitting the Ottomans to tax merchants going through the strait as a shortcut to Africa and Europe (OI). The advantageous geographic location of Constantinople enabled Constantinople to not only become the cultural center for Islamic beliefs but also allowed Constantinople to flourish and gain much wealth, positively impacting the Ottoman Empire’s economy. In addition to promoting trade,
In 330 A.D. a Roman emperor named Constantinople founded a city named Constantinople on the old Greek city of Byzantium. This city expanded into the Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire in Eastern Europe even after the Western Roman Empire fell. During the entire span of the Byzantine Empire, there were several emperors that influenced the empire, but one emperor, Justinian I, is widely acknowledged as the greatest Byzantine emperor. Very little is known about Justinian's early life, as he was born to a Latin-speaking peasant family in Tauresium, which is now the Republic of Macedonia. His mother was the sister of a Excubitor, (the Imperial Bodyguard) Justin.
After the Roman Empire had fallen, the region had split into two areas: the West just being Western Europe, and the East officially becoming the Byzantine Empire. Although Western Europe and Byzantine were similar in the way the populations of both regions had retained the similar daily lifestyles and material culture of the fallen Roman Empire, they had developed drastic contrasts over time; they differed in how each of their regions were politically organized, and each had their own dominant belief system. Even after the split of Rome, the regions were similar in the way that both of their populations had become so accustomed to the previous empire’s lifestyle and material culture, that it had not faded as time gradually passed into the Middle Ages. Farming continued to be a stable source of food for both Western Europe and Byzantine, the area and condition being able to supply beans during the spring, and wheat during the fall season. The preference of agriculture comes from the Byzantine Empire being wealthy
In holding off the various attacks, the Byzantines kept Western Civilization Christian instead of it being converted to Muslim. The Christian Church of Constantinople and the Christian Church of Rome also split due to an argument over some spiritual interpretations of the Bible. If it was not for the Byzantines most of Western Civilization would be Muslim and not Christian.
According to Wikipedia “After the three good Emperors, the remaining Emperors ruled badly and again wasted a lot of money and soldiers. In the west, the Europeans betrayed the Byzantines and attacked their capital, Constantinople. The Byzantines lost their capital in 1204 and they did not take it back until 1261. The Byzantines were then divided into many smaller Greek states that were fighting with each other for the throne of the Empire. ”Therefore which means that we don’t need to study byzantine because Byzantine empire collapsed by himself.
The history book Lost to the West: The Forgotten Byzantine Empire That Rescued Western Civilization by Lars Brownworth is about the Roman Empire from the time it was created to the time it fell. This book includes the main and important people and events that make up the history of the Roman empire. In the book Lars wrote “ This book is my small attempt to redress that situation, to give voice to a people who have remained voiceless far too long. It’s intended to whet the appetite, to expose the reader to the vast sweep of Byzantine history, and to put flesh and sinew on their understanding of the East and the West” (p. xviii). The author states that the purpose of the book is to expose the reader to Byzantine history, to give the reader a
Were the Byzantines worth to study? The byzantine empire emerged in 323 CE by a roman emperor called Constantine. But first the byzantine empire was part of the roman empire. Constantine ruled the byzantine empire ad he made two decisions that changed European and Middle Eastern history. His first decision was that he gave christianity legal standing and the second decision that he moved the imperial capital from Rome to Byzantium.
Both empires’ economies were very different. The Byzantine became one of the wealthiest empires ever, while the Western economy was an agricultural based with little trading with
nitially, the Roman Empire ruled the Byzantine Empire as well as the society in the other parts of Western Europe. The establishment of the Byzantine Empire occurred after the Roman Empire collapsed. Its establishment was based on the notion that Western Europe was declining. There was a limited contact between these entities as the Byzantine as well as other parts of Europe became diverged. This created a platform on which knowledge was shared.
A merchant would want to go the Byzantine Empire. They would want to go to Byzantine Empire because it was very safe, had laws, were very wealthy, with lots of trade routes. It even had a school. The laws, rights, security in the Byzantine Empire would benefit a merchant the most because it was easy to defend, and Justinian made a new body of laws for everyone.
The Byzantine Iconoclastic Controversy began in 726 CE when Emperor Leo III issued a decree against the worship of icons.1 This action resulted in the removal and destruction of icons in churches and monasteries.2 There had been tensions rising between the church and the state over the use of icons for some time, but the culmination of these tensions along with the pressure of Muslim armies attacking the borders of Byzantium lead to the explosive Iconoclastic Controversy. The iconoclasts ardently believed that the creation of images depicting holy people was making God angry. The iconophiles believed that these images were sacred and used them as a means of worshiping God. This theological battle lead to the meeting of several ecumenical councils in order to resolve the controversy between the church and the state. This paper will examine the arguments for and against the use of icons from iconoclasts and iconophiles in the Byzantine Empire.
In 1025, the death of Basil II marks the date that Byzantium began to decline. For the next 59 years, the empire would be misgoverned by thirteen inept emperors that would bring the once overwhelmingly rich and powerful state to the verge of collapse. The following years the emperors spent lavishly on buildings, churches and largesse, draining the imperial treasury. Adding to the financial crisis, the emperor Romanus VII was under the burden of wealthy landlord’s to relieve them from the pressure of taxation. He abandoned Basil II policy requiring the rich to pay the unpaid taxes of the poor.
Reading is obviously one of the most crucial skills and activities in any educational setting, especially in language classes. This importance is partially due to regarding reading not only as a great origin of information and an enjoyable activity, but also as a channel of reinforcing and boosting one’s knowledge of the language (Rivers, 1981). Reading comprehension skills, according to Sanders (2001), separate the "passive" and not skillful readers from the "active" ones. Skilled readers do not merely read; they have interactions with the text. Skilled readers, for instance, anticipate what is about to take place next in a story with the use of hints given in the text, devise questions about the main idea, message, or plot of the text,and monitor understanding of the sequence, context, or characters (Sanders, 2001).
