There were various reasons that led to the fall of Constantinople at the hand of the Ottomans. For instance, the Byzantines were not only undermanned but also lacked adequate gunpowder and were ultimately unable to defend the land walls that protected the city (von Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 471). Mehmet repopulated Constantinople and appointed a new patriarch as head of the Eastern Christians, continued the expansion into the Balkans, and forced the hand of many rulers to submit to a vassal status (von Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 472). In the Balkans, the Ottomans were completing their conquest of Serbia and Hungary, and by the half of the 16th century the Ottoman empire became a huge multiethnic and multireligious state (von Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 473).
Document 9 states that “In 1240,the Christian Crusaders sacked Constantinople, leaving the city in Ruins and plundering wealth.” This is relevant because It shows us that the violence and atrocities all of the Crusades clearly outweighed the positive and religious points of view that they say they were fighting for. Another example is that in document 10 it states that “ One day I entered the Mosaic, repeated the first Formula, ‘ Allah is great’, and stood up in the act of praying, upon which one of the Franks rushed on me got hold of me and turned my face East words saying “This is the way you should pray!” a group of Templars hastened to him seized him and pushed him away from me. I went back to my prayer.
1) The Albigensian Crusade is an example of one religion trying to remove the threat of another religion out of fear that one ideology would affect the other. This crusade is called to be one of the first genocides in European history for its gruesomeness and lack of humanistic behaviours. The Catholics of Northern France set up military campaigns to remove the perceived threat in Southern France. That threat to the Catholics at the time was the spread of Catharism.
Introduction: Provide background information on the Crusades, restate the DBQ question, state thesis with reasons. (include academic vocabulary and underline) The results of the Crusades was probably more negative than positive. In “Doc 4”, It states that “Moreover, the assault of one Christian people on another, when one of the goals of the Fourth Crusade was reunion of Greek and Latin churches, made the split between the Greek and Latin churches permanent.” The Crusades had a lot of hatred to the religions, and by 1204 the Crusaders had lost some of their appeal because the knights agreed to attack the Byzantine Capital instead.
The development of Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire were different due to government, economies and religion. The Byzantine Empire was ruled by an Emperor instead of a King, while Western Europe was separated into different countries by the language spoken. Western Europe had social systems of feudalism in place to serve the people. Christianity played a major role in both of the developments of Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire was influenced by Romans, but Western Europe considered the Pope to be of high influence and guidance.
The end of the 11th century was the beginning of the first campaign called Crusade, which was later followed by other crusades. It was a period of great fighting for the lands and religious ideologies between Christians and Muslims. In other words it was a period of big changes, when thousands of peasants and soldiers died and a lot of towns were devastated. The first crusade was the biggest movement of Christians to Holy land. In comparison with other campaigns it was the most successful.
The Crusades were expeditions done by the Roman Catholic Church in alliance with Middle-Age Kingdoms and Empires. There were a total of nine Crusades during the period of 1095 to 1291, led by Saladin, Richard I "the Lionheart" of England, Pope Urban II, Frederick I the Holy Roman Emperor, etc. At first, the Crusades were a way to fight back the Muslims for their conquest of Jerusalem. The idea of the Crusade was a very good marketing strategy by Pope Urban II. It was told that any Crusader would be rewarded a place in heaven, and forgiven their sins.
The Christian View vs. The Muslim View of the Crusades The crusades were a set of different military actions that were sanctioned by the Catholic Church and the papacy. Their intention was to recapture Holy Lands they believed were rightfully theirs from the Muslim people that had invaded it. As any attack on a large group of people would do, every major group was affected. The Christians had their own reasons and beliefs for going on these Crusades.
Many things happened during the crusades. First crusaders left there families, the women and children where left to fend for themselves. In the first and only successful crusade the crusaders killed all Muslim inhabitants of Jerusalem. Although the crusaded was successful, within 46 years the land had to be fought for agin. All thought there was other crusades they still didn 't manage regain the holy land.
The Crusades were successful failures because they did not meet many of their goals, but left lasting effects. The Crusades was an attempt by the Roman Catholic Church to regain the Holy Lands from the Muslims. They believed they were fighting for god and all sins would be forgiven and defend the Byzantine Empire from the Turks. The first Crusade (1096 -1099) was successful for the Christians because they had a clear and organized religious based purpose. Crusaders the Christian armies were able to hold Jerusalem and in the process led to a massacre of Jews.
The city of Constantinople was flooding with money and the economy dominated the empire and the world. The city of Constantinople had a high demand for silk. They were the hub of the trade routes which led to them being rich, which made the roads very advanced and lit up for 24 hour trade. They had a very good economy from there wealth. They had a walls that surrounded the city and helped protect them from there enemies.
After Rome fell the Western Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire take two different paths. Western Roman Empire collapsed due to conquering and there political ,social and military systems fell. Western Rome relied on religion to unify them because they didn't have a very strong central government. In the end religion wasn't enough to keep them together and they fell again to Germanic tribes and they replaced the laws. The Byzantine Empire ruled over the Mediterranean Sea for thousands of years.
This New Rome was four times the size of Byzantium, and was eventually named Constantinople. The city had a number of great advantages. Geographically, it was almost directly in the center of the Roman Empire. For an Emperor who now ruled over the entire Roman Empire, the location of Constantinople was perfect. The city provided a harbor, as well as access to the Danube River and the Euphrates frontier.
Crumbling political institutions and the erosion of decade old systems can be interpreted as a result of the Fall of Constantinople however the Byzantine systems prior to the invasion were already in a state of disarray. The entirety of the country feared Ottoman expansion and yet despite all their attempts the country had been abandoned by the West all pushing excuses of ongoing wars or events that prohibited them from sending aide or joining in wars directly. The political situation was worsened when Constantine XI interpreted Ottoman weakness and supported uprises of emirates within the Ottoman Empire being that of Aydin, Germiyan and Mentshe. These actions greatly angered the Ottoman Sultan as it had done damage which could cause “the
There are many different aspects to a civilization that constitute to the place’s overall function and nature. This notion is upheld especially when it comes to Constantinople. The imperial nature of Constantinople allowed it to not only function as an imperial capital, but as a trading emporium as well which in turn lead to other various functions. From the beginning, Constantinople was deemed the new imperial capital for the benefit of the empire. This notion was premeditated as emperor Constantine could see the potential within it especially in regards to maintaining dominance over surrounding powers.
