The Australian Women’s Role Post-World War One The role of women changed dramatically due to World War One (WW1). The reason for this is that whilst the men were at war fighting for Australia, the women took their place and kept things running smoothly, therefore calling attention to each woman's capability to accomplish more than being a housewife. Throughout the following exploration, the drastic change brought to the role of women in contemporary society as the result of WW1. This change occurred due to a variety of causes. Firstly, society began to realise women could do what men could do just as well.
Introduction Figueroa’s framework was developed by Professor Peter Figueroa it is a tool used to investigate “issues and ideas surrounding equity, access and equality in exercise, sport and physical activity.” (Amezdroz, 2010). Equity in sport is where no matter what race or gender you are you are equal. Access is whether it is easy or hard to attend training, fields or games. There are five levels in the framework; individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural and cultural.
Robert Lipsyte, non-fiction, “Jock Culture” (2011); establishes that modern society is dominated by values of masculinity and the dominance of the physically strong, but this is the root of other issues further down the line. Lipsyte cites eyewitness accounts from his personal life and statements from business leaders and athletic coaches to first describe the praise athletes or “jocks” receive in their youth as well as adult life, and more importantly to reveal the flaws of this social value as it extends beyond the sport itself. Lipsyte’s purpose is to expound on the flaws of the “jock culture” ingrained in our society in order to reveal that this is the cause of other problems in our culture outside of the field or court. Lipsyte creates an analytical and contemplative tone as he explains to American youth and adults the benefits and drawbacks of praising those of athletic ability. Russell Baker, non-fiction, “The Plot Against People” (1968); humorously suggests that all of mankind’s technology can be divided into three classes and each has a unique technique to undermine human progress.
Sport in Australia, has always embodied the idea of equality, where everyone has the opportunity to participate. Background information (like cultural background), and barriers has never been a problem to affect ones participation. But recently over the years as more sports have been developed, and funding from the government has become harder to get a lot of people have struggled to participate in a chosen sport, especially athletics as it is the more costly sport. “Athletics is a sport stripped to its barest essentials, to run, walk, jump and throw is the basis of human activity”. For many centuries Australians have been known for success in a range of sport for example swimming, rowing and athletics.
However, there is still more work to be done in regards to athletics. By a lack of funding and coverage the media is choosing to highlight a female athlete’s femininity over her achievements –negatively affecting the nation’s young female
Little did they know women all around the world formed a women rights movement in the late 1920’s. Women wanted to prove themselves with their protest and riots they started. It was not until the “1960’s and ’70s [women] sought equal rights and opportunities and greater personal freedom for women”, (BRITANNICA). The topic about athletic competition and how men did not find it ladylike was dropped and women were able to compete.
The fact that kept away women participating in sport in the begging of the 20th century was because many sports programmes ignored females and also the participation of women in sport was considered from organisers and sponsors as less important for the development of sport at the time. (Coakley and Pike, p.
When Polonius suspects Hamlet, he demonstrates symptoms of Paranoid Personality Disorder. Paranoid Personality Disorder is about behaviors of distrust and suspiciousness of other people and believe others’ motives are malevolent. According to the psychology disorder book DSM-V, one of the diagnostic criteria is “preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates” (649). Polonius’ Paranoid Disorder is shown in Act 3 Scene 3, Polonius is trying to figure out what is going on with Hamlet, and he believes Hamlet will talk about that to the Queen in private. Shakespeare writes, “My lord, he’s going to his mother’s closet.
At colleges, on campus sports (founded by Women’s Athletic Associations) were enjoyed by students and off campus students participated in sports like golf, swimming, wrestling, car racing, basketball, tennis, etc. The woman athlete was viewed both positively and negatively and some of the positive views were that they showed the energetic spirit, physical strength, and boldness of the New Women. Some of the negative views, however, were that critics say that these activities that women do threaten the stability of society, women athletes would become more masculine, taking up manlike gestures, dress and talk, too much exercise would damage female reproductive space, and the excitement of athletics would cause them to lose sexual control. Neither
interactionist - seeks to discover how athletes and coaches make sense of their identidy exploring the key values associated with sports subcultures through the process of interaction. Feminist- explores the notion that sports may reproduce or contest gender stereotypes in society. Critical- Indicates that sports are socially constructed and can be understood by adopting a hisorical context. Highlights the importance that sports can reflect society but simultaneously challenge the way in which social life is organised.
Does Social Class matter? Introduction Whether we like it or not, the majority of societies are stratified into various social classes according to their access to particular forms of wealth and power. Whilst we would like to think of Physical Education (PE) and Sport as egalitarian, meritocratic and classless, sadly this isn’t the case with sport being tied to wider social class structures and hierarchies similar to those in society. Social class differences are evident within physical culture in many ways with those middle class children said to be at a massive advantage within PE and Sport (Evans and Bairner, 2013).
The sport domain has been traditionally considered an exclusive masculine field. Historically, women could not take part in sport until 1900 and they were allowed to join sports that did not provide physical contact or strain. Nowadays, although females can take part in every sport activity, gender stereotypes in sport still exist (Friedricks & Eccles, 2005). The persistence of gender stereotypes in sport could determine a phenomenon known as stereotype threat (Steele and Aronson, 1995; Steele, 1997; Steele, Spencer & Aronson, 2002). Stereotype threat consists in a suboptimal performance within a task related to a judgment dimension along which that particular social group is “known” to be “weak”.
(Managan, 2017) Although sport engagement and aid of women athletes has grown increasingly, future improvements are not a given fact. It is a well known certainty that even in the current 21st century, the reality is that women in general still experience difficulty and discrimination from the conventional gender norms that hinder with their engagement in sports. In order to make sure that gender equity in sports is maintained, the gender ideals that are correlated to sport must be examined thoroughly and effectively before any succeeding action takes
The social theories that I have chosen to focus on are Conflict Theory and Feminist Theory. I have decided to study these concepts as they share both similar and contradictory ideas of sport participation and power in sport. I will also explore the topic of disability and sport in an attempt to illustrate the great need for integration of athletes with disabilities into mainstream clubs and teams. Finally, I will investigate the area of sexuality and sport, a subject which I believe has remained very much concealed until recent times. Conflict theory states that “social order is based on economic interests and the use of economic power to exploit labour”.
So why is there still debate about gender equality in sport? Women and men compete in separate events in all sporting disciplines apart from Equestrian competitions and in mixed doubles teams in Badminton, Tennis and Ice Skating. My essay will look at the different arguments around whether or not women and men should be allowed to compete together in sport. One of the most compelling arguments for why women and men should be allowed to compete against each other is that in today’s society in which women and men are equal and can do the same things, they should be given the same opportunities in sport.
