Along with strategic alliance-building, networking strategy is important which includes nurturing of relationship with bureaucratic insiders and politicians, broader stakeholders. Networking as tactics has several useful functions. It helps think-tanks to understand the way their actions will affect others, and how these actions will be perceived by others, determine the most convincing way to frame arguments and build trust. Moreover, networking helps the actors acquire valuable information which is not readily accessible. It enables them to understand concerns of broader stakeholders. In other words, networking can develop social insightfulness which can pave the road to opportunities. The larger the network, the more channels of communication …show more content…
Constructivist epistemological perspective Constructivist epistemology is a perspective in philosophy of science arguing that scientific knowledge is constructed by the scientific community, who seek to construct models of the natural world. The origins of constructivism are believed descend to the time of Socrates, who claimed that learners and teachers should talk to each other, ask questions to interpret and construct the knowledge. According to constructivists, the world is independent of human thoughts, but knowledge of the world is always a social construction of the human. The “constructivist stance maintains that learning is a process of constructing meaning; it is how people make sense of their experience”. In other words, natural science consists of conceptual constructs that aim to explain sensory experience. With its position that reality is subjective, constructivism opposes the philosophy of objectivism which assumes that a human can come to know the truth about the natural world. While positivist and experimental forms of inquiry rely heavily on factors which can be measured and quantified, constructivist perspective moves beyond measurable variables to focus on the social constructions of research participants. According to constructivists there is no single valid methodology in science to generate knowledge, but rather a diversity of useful …show more content…
At the end of the 1980's, the scholars applied the term "auto-ethnography" to work that explored the interplay of personally engaged people and cultural beliefs, experiences and systems. Nowadays, however, the meanings and applications of auto-ethnography have developed so that precise definition is difficult. According to Adams et. al "Auto-ethnography is a research method that uses a researcher's personal experience to describe or critique cultural beliefs, practices, and experiences... Shows people in the process of figuring out what to do, how to live, and the meaning of their struggles'." Ellingson and Ellis (2008) see auto-ethnography as a social constructionist project that rejects binary opposition between the researcher and the researched, objectivity and subjectivity, process and outcome, self and others, and the personal and the political. Carolyn Ell is writes, “In auto-ethnographic work, I look at validity in terms of what happens to readers as well as to research participants and researchers”. Ellis suggests to judge auto-ethnographic writings on the usefulness of the story. In other words, the most important is what narratives do, what consequences they have. Narrative in his perspective is the way we remember the past and disclose to others the truth of our