Biodiversity: An Environmental Study

Water is the basic need of all living organism and all have the right of having unpolluted water in nature. Water is a prime natural resource and precious natural asset. Limnology is the study of productivity, structural and physical relationship between the organisms of inland aquatic ecosystem which is in turn regulated by physico- chemical parameters and biotic communities (Pattnaik and Shonga, 2015). Biodiversity stabilizes human health and ecological balance which is under stress by increased intervention of humans in ecosystem. Loss of biodiversity will affect the life on earth (Riddhi et al., 2011). The aquatic water bodies are under the stress of pollution by various reasons and mainly by human activities. Human activities surrounding

The planktonic communities are impacted by the changes in abiotic features (Riddhi et al., 2011). Complicated circulation and mixing pattern of lake water, chemical and biological process in lake water column due long retention affect the flora and fauna and the quality of lake water. Parameters like pH, temperature drives many of chemical reaction in living organisms. Nitrate and phosphate are the limiting factors for the growth of phytoplankton and bacteria and thus act as indicator of water quality (Read et al.,

Sulphate was high in post monsoon and supports the growth of bacteria (Arias et al., 2012). Chloride was high in pre monsoon but was within the permissible level. This affects the taste and palatability of water and is responsible for corrosive effect of water (Kistan et al.,2015). Phosphate was usually high in pre monsoon and monsoon and anthropogenic activities is one of the main sources of phosphate. Phosphate and nitrate will support the growth of phytoplankton especially the Cyanophyta which can produce toxins (Nielsen et al., 2012; Doubek et al., 2015). Fe and Fl were at very low concentration and was usually constant throughout the sampling period. Fe support the growth of iron bacteria like Thiobacillus strains (Mallampati and Osman, 2015). Excessive fluoride causes fluorosis, cancer, dental fluorosis, arthritis and also affects human intelligence especially in children. COD was usually high in monsoon and this may be due to increase in suspended and dissolved solids entered by rainwater runoff (Divya and Murthy, 2013b). High COD indicate heavy load organic pollution (Shilpa et al., 2011) and it can be reduced by settling tank, anaerobic reactor and sub surface wetlands (Katayon et al., 2008). Usually, post monsoon and winter had high and pre monsoon had low concentration of DO and DO is inversely proportional to temperature (Pradhan and Shaikh, 2011). Higher DO increases photosynthetic