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The Importance Of Genomic Tolerability

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Genomic instability is one of the characteristics of cancer cells. It consists of alterations of genes during cell division. Cancer cases in patients can result from damage to multiple genes. These genes control cell division and tumor suppressor genes. The integrity of a genome is monitored by several mechanisms including DNA damage checkpoints, DNA repair machinery, and mitotic checkpoints within the cell. If there are defects in any one of these mechanisms the result is genomic instability. A few other things that can alter the regulation of the cell cycle are posttranslational modifications of histone tails, chromatin structure, and DNA methylation. This topic continues to be a debate about what exactly the driving force of the initiation …show more content…

Cellular integrity, in turn, prevents errors that arise from DNA replication, cellular metabolism, and carcinogenic exposure. These exposures consist of ultraviolet light, radiation, or damaging chemical substances. Many professionals believe that tumor initiation and following progression result from acquired genomic alteration within normal cells. The populations of tumor cells appear to be more unstable genetically than normal unaltered cells. Genomic instability causes individuals to maintain shorter cell cycles and also causes the bypassing of intracellular and immunological control systems. These factors give cancerous cells an advantage when it comes to growth and multiplying. There have been numerous research projects specifically dedicated to finding why this instability causes this in hopes of finding the underlying issues with cancer and stop it from being one of the leading causes of death. Genomic instability includes variations in small structures. These variations can include increased frequencies in mutations of base pairs, microsatellite instability, and changes in chromosome number or structure which are referred to as chromosome instability. The origins of these instabilities still remain a mystery but there are many educated hypotheses that try to explain why they all contribute to tumor initiation and

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In the late 1940s, scientific research began taking off as innovative technologies and diseases were being created and discovered. One important field of study during the time was cancer. Like many types of new research, there were a few problems getting the ball on the roll. One problem scientists faced was obtaining cancerous cells that would stay long enough to study. One scientist struggled with this until a particularly unique strand of cells came along.

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In doing so they believed they could observe the actual moment a normal cell transformed to a malignant one, a process they termed spontaneous transformation (Skloot, pg

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Nicholas Navin Laboratory. Where I helped his graduate student, Marco Leung in the research project “Investigating Cell Line Heterogeneity and Clonal Interaction in Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Line.” Understanding tumor heterogeneity and clonal interactions is of great importance in cancer research, because it can help in the development better diagnostic procedures and treatments for cancer patients. Dr. Navin increased my interest in cancer genetics, because thanks to him I learned more of the genetic processes involved in tumor development, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis. Additionally, under Dr. Navin’s mentoring I learn about cell culture, understanding heatmap and copy number profile.

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In Bradley’s case, she was able to live for a year longer other than her diagnosed three months. In Michael Specter’s article, “The Gene Hackers”, he mentions that by making new treatments and experiments people are able to comprehend more about the cells and how they function. Even though “every cancer is a specific personal disease” (Specter 57), it is important to research and test new hypotheses or else it will stay unknown as to what can either help or ruin a person 's recovery. Eric Lander believes that “there will be an enormous chat... it will contain the therapeutic road map of every trick that cancer cells have - how they form and all the ways you can defeat them, and all the ways they can escape and defeat a treatment” (Specter 57).

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I found this Introduction very Informative. It helps students to better understand the background Information before proceeding to the most crucial elements. The Genetic Update Conference was an opportunity of a lifetime, to learn and even experience something that one day could perhaps revolutionize The Field of Genetics. Ultimately, one day we could use genetics in order to modify human DNA and become in total control on a cellular level. Things such as enhancing our vision or hearing are likely to become as common as stitching a wound.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide,accounting for almost 10 % of all cases.{1,2} the USA and Europe have high rates compared to Africa and Asia.{3,4} Only in the United States, nearly 135,000 new cases diagnosed annually that about 50,000 people will die of the disease .{5, American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2015. Atlanta:American Cancer Society.2015 }In Iran CRC is the third most common cancer in women and the Fifth in men.{6} The biggest problem is the high ability of CRC to form secondary tumours, particularly in the lung and liver. Other complication connected to CRC is the high heterogeneity of the genetic and epigenetic changes among the individual

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At first your body may be able to repair this damage, but with each repeated exposure, normal cells that line your lungs are increasingly damaged. Over time, the damage causes cells to reproduce abnormally and eventually cancer may develop. The cancerous cells can quickly grow into large tumors that can rapidly spread to the brain, liver, bones, and other parts of the body. Some monoclonal antibodies trigger the immune system to attack and kill cancer cells. Although cancer cells are abnormal, they develop from normal cells so they can be difficult for the immune system to spot so monoclonal antibodies simply attach themselves to cancer cells, making them easier for the cells of the immune system to find them.

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