The Importance Of DNA Forensics

DNA Forensics is the application of DNA technology and the knowledge of DNA genetics to the practice of forensic investigation and to the power of legal process. It involves various analytical techniques that can be used for the analysis of DNA. It helps in cases like personal identification, paternal dispute, Sexual assaults, etc. It is one of the most important and reliable process in Forensic Science. Law enforcement, evidence technicians, prosecutors, and others concerned in bringing justice to crime victims are at the front position of the DNA revolution. It is through the extensive study of the genome that DNA fingerprinting has been produced as a useful and reliable technique in forensic science. DNA is a molecule that incorporates the

No two people have the same DNA. However, Identical twins do have the same kind of DNA adds an exception in this technique. It permits the identification of the body materials not from an individual’s body but it can be compared with his/her blood relations. The evidences used for extraction of DNA are found in majority of crimes like Blood, semen, hair, etc. Biological matter used to determine a DNA profile comprises blood, feces, hair, teeth, bone, semen, saliva, urine, tissue and cells. If it is present inside the body the examiner should take the vaginal swab or other methods can be used. Always remember to take a control sample of saliva and sweat for comparing and examination purposes. Sir Alec Jeffreys is called as the father of DNA fingerprinting. The use of biological evidence in DNA and genetic analysis differs with areas like if it is blood typing, gender determination based on chromosome analysis (karyotyping), DNA profiling or the most recent advancement of forensic DNA phenotyping. Since the beginning of DNA profiling was in the 1980s, it has been successfully used in aiding criminal cases, paternity testing and disaster victim identification but DNA fingerprints are not completely taken as the only piece of evidence in any

Single cell DNA Fingerprinting- Dr Ian Findlay and his colleagues first reported the flourishing development of a DNA fingerprint from a single cell in 1997. Single-cell DNA profiling is mainly helpful in rape cases, as DNA in sperm cells is extremely conserved due to it being so compressed in the protein head. There is also likely for the method in use in documents.

9. Mitochondrial DNA-Mitochondrial organelle is concerned with the making of cell energy. There can be almost between 100 and 1000 mitochondria within a cell and each one contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome. Mitochondrial DNA is a round molecule of DNA 16,569 base pairs in size and firstly referred as the Anderson sequence, acquired from the mitochondrion organelle from within the cells.

10. Y-chromosome-The Y chromosome is usually found in males only is a small chromosome and unlike other genes it can only be changed by the uncommon occurrence of mutation. Still, alike to mitochondrial DNA inherited maternally the grouping of alleles in this example in theory is like between father and son and presumptuous mutation does not occur. Y chromosome analysis is specifically helps in cases of sexual attack and rape where even mixed DNA profiles may be found. Many methods have been developed to analyze some of the Short tandem repeat seen on this