ipl-logo

Forensic DNA Phenotyping

903 Words4 Pages

DNA PHENOTYPING:
The word phenotype refers to the characteristics or traits of an animal such as the morphology, development, bio chemical or physiological properties. DNA phenotyping is the process of predicting the phenotype of animal or human using only genetic information collected. It is also referred to as molecular photo fitting which primarily predicts a person’s physical appearance and biogeographic ancestry for forensic reasons.
Biogeographic ancestry determination uses human genetic clustering and principal component analysis to compare new subjects to curated individuals with known ancestry. Recently, companies like Parabon, NanoLabs and Identitias have begun offering forensic DNA phenotyping services.
DNA phenotyping involves …show more content…

Private companies are marketing DNA phenotyping procedure to police agencies to help in identifying a suspect through a visual image.
Forensic DNA phenotyping is a young field of forensic genitics. It is the extraction of human phenotypes from molecular analysis obtained from samples in the crime scenes. Latest advances in human genetics have delivered knowledge about the genes involved in external visible characteristics such as hair morphology, pigmentation or body height.
DNA fingerprinting (traditionally known as DNA profiling) uses DNA as a biometric identifier. A DNA profile can identify a person with high levels of accuracy. When investigators need to zero down on a single person in a pool of possible individuals or identify from unknown remains by learning from ancestry and appearance, DNA phenotyping is used. After the individual is identified, DNA profiling can be used to prove the match if a reference sample is available.
An instance of successful use of forensic DNA …show more content…

The accuracy of predicting the embryo’s appearance depends on the extent to which the expected physical traits can be linked correctly to the genetics in a way that the link would not be disturbed by the foetus development environment.
The DNA sample required could be obtained in many ways. Clinicians could take a cell from an in vitro embryo or foetal cells can be isolated from amniotic fluid. However, using DNA phenotyping at the embryonic stages might cause parents to show favouritism to one child over other. Certain bioethicists are against this though some think that parents should be able to choose the traits for their children to help them live the best possible lives.
Whatever the arguments may linger, DNA phenotyping for embryos is still in theoretical papers and still has a long way to go before it becomes available for practical

Show More
Related
910 Words | 4 Pages

DNA from the actual parents - Use these chromosomes to make a baby for the DNA profile. Sample D D 248 BP___TPOX #2 Pater. Chromo D 145 BP_D5

Read More
684 Words | 3 Pages

“On September 20th, 1986 a young woman was killed and, left behind at the scene, was a piece of DNA that investigators hoped would help solve the case” (Biemesderfer). There was no way to identify people yet. Nowadays, you can identify whose footprint it is by investigators and

Read More
1623 Words | 7 Pages

A DNA molecule is composed of two complementary chains of four different types of nucleotides. Although more than 99.9% length of the human DNA (nucleotide) sequence is shared by all individuals, the remaining one thousandth is highly variable and specific to each person. As long as DNA molecules can be extracted from a single piece of bone, then amplified to an amount enough to sequence them, the bone will be sufficient to figure out the identity information unique to few individuals within a large population, sometimes to a single person. Because of this technology, the judgment of a soldier’s death will not need statures estimation from lengths of limbs, age prediction with pelvic bones, dental comparison, but just an alignment of a string of letter code (nucleotide sequence in a DNA) obtained from his bones with those from his relatives (conventional methods still play supportive roles as a single type of DNA identification alone is insufficient to determine one soldier’s identity). A person’s identity is not just his height, sex, race, and age, but a long array of A, T, C, G (four types of

Read More
1892 Words | 8 Pages

In 1892, a young woman named Lizzie Borden was accused of murdering her father and stepmother (“Lizzie Borden on Trial” 2). This accusation was influenced by the lack of evidence at the scene of the crime. There appeared to be no murder weapon, very few witnesses, and the house did not show any signs of an intruder (“Lizzie Borden on Trial” 5). Once the scene was investigated, it was determined that the cause of death for both victims was multiple blows to the head by an axe. Two axes were found in the home, and neither had a speck of blood (“Lizzie Borden on Trial” 14).

Read More
1159 Words | 5 Pages

Today, the FBI has DNA records of more than 5 million convicted offenders in the database CODIS, or Combined DNA Index System. However, DNA fingerprinting has limitations: it is limited to directly connecting crimes to felons already in CODIS, has high risk of contamination, does not look at familial records, and only analyzes short pieces of DNA. With the advent of more affordable and high resolution genetic technologies after The Human Genome Project, over 35 million people have submitted their DNA to the largest direct-to-consumer genetic companies. Two companies, FamilyTreeDNA and GEDmatch, also allow law enforcement access to their databases. Thus, beginning investigative genetic genealogy, a new method of forensic investigation not only with higher resolution DNA information than DNA fingerprinting but also the capability of finding a suspect from distant relatives.

Read More
1172 Words | 5 Pages

Fingerprinting is method based on the uniqueness of the skin pattern - that is, each person has a completely individual pattern of papillary lines. These patterns do not change throughout life and have the property of recovering from damage to the skin in its previous form. On the one hand, this method almost completely eliminates the mistake, and on the other hand it is very cheap and easy to use (in contrast the method of identification of a person by DNA). Fingerprinting allows: 1) to identify the person who left the prints, according to the general and particular features of the papillary pattern displayed on them; 2) to exclude individual from among those who have touched the object; 3) to narrow the group of individuals suspected of the particular crime (for instance, provided that the imprint shows traces of a scar, a burn, a wart or some other distinctive feature).

Read More
1726 Words | 7 Pages

DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel S. Aaron Sowards Bio 122 Lab 04 Brianna Adanitsch Jakob Lester Minhenga Ngijoi 2/21/18 Dr. Chad R. Sethman Abstract DNA fingerprinting is the process of analyzing an individual’s DNA base-pair patterns. The DNA fingerprinting lab involved identifying the suspect using Agarose Gel and Polymerase Chain Reaction. It was found that suspect two s DNA matched the crime scene DNA.

Read More
630 Words | 3 Pages

In King, Justice Kennedy referred to the invention of DNA technology as “one of the most significant scientific advancements of our era.” This statement has been criticized, but the impact of DNA technology has been significant. Currently, forensic analysts can use “junk” DNA to identify a person with near certainty. Law enforcement can collect a person’s DNA through saliva. The sample is then uploaded to CODIS, a national network of DNA databases.

Read More
301 Words | 2 Pages

Due to DNA testing now available many cases of wrongful conviction have led them to be exonerated, by a confession from the actual perpetrator or other convincing evidence of innocence that wasn’t available at trail. For a DNA profile to be made they must first find evidence in form of blood, saliva, skin tissue, hair and semen that was recovered from a crime

Read More
1085 Words | 5 Pages

The one key physical piece of evidence linking Scott Peterson to the murder of Laci is the 6-inch dark strand of hair found wrapped around pliers on Scott’s fishing boat(Vries, 2003). Ultimately, the discipline that led to the death sentencing of Scott Peterson was Mitochondrial DNA determined to be that of Laci Peterson in the dark hair strands on his pliers(Vries, 2003). Mitochondrial DNA testing has been around many years dating back to its use of identifying the causalities of the Vietnam War and victims of the 9/11 attacks(Vries, 2003). There have been admissions of computer glitches and routine failure of lab equipment in the past, but this method is widely accepted across the nation as admissible evidence(Vries, 2003). Mitochondrial DNA testing cannot particularly identify someone, but it can statistically conclude when compared to a relative’s DNA a likely match(Vries, 2003).

Read More
1095 Words | 5 Pages

D Assessment DNA technology Forensic testing 24.11.2014 Marius Martinsen 10D Introduction: I have chosen to investigate Forensic testing, it is also known as DNA profiling or genetic fingerprinting. During this essay I will discuss what the disadvantages and what the advantages of forensic testing are. I will also talk about how forensic testing is carried out. Forensic testing is used to identify an individual by using the DNA sequences of that person.

Read More
974 Words | 4 Pages

Regenerative medicine has a treatment nowadays for our cells, organs and tissues repair and replacement normal function. Hence demands increase in population for organ transplantation. Research has conducted for recent and alternative therapies. Regenerative Medicine can medicate few cells that were damage due to agedness and congenital defects. In addition stem cell has a regenerative medicine; it regenerates, repairs, and restores functionality.

Read More
713 Words | 3 Pages

They have many ways to find a biological profile. A biological profile is a series of characteristics that an individual possessed during life but which critically can also be determined from skeletonized remains after death. To find a biological profile they’ll need to find the age, sex, gender, geographic ancestry, and trauma. They use fragments of bones from skulls and long bones to not only find the sex, age, and gender but sometimes they can find how they died. They also use those bones to find lots of information about that individual.

Read More
1614 Words | 7 Pages

Most people in our society, no matter what level of education that they may have, have heard of the cloning, specifically the cloning of Dolly the lamb, and have some notions regarding the idea of cloning humans. "The successes in animal cloning suggest to some that the technology has matured sufficiently to justify its application to human cloning" (Jaenisch et al.). However, not every agrees that human cloning is a something that should be put into practice (Hoskins). There generally seem to be two basic divisions on this issue: those who find it inappropriate and unethical, and those who find it a reasonable and necessary step in the progression of scientific research (Lustig).

Read More
1251 Words | 6 Pages

DNA in forensic science The majority of cells making up the human body are diploid cells carrying identical DNA, with the exception of haploid gametes and red blood cells. Several types of biological evidence such as blood and hair are commonly used in forensic science, which is the scientific study of evidence for crime scene investigations and other legal matters. Forensic science is used for the purpose of DNA analysis, this is the analysis of DNA samples to determine if it came from a particular individual. DNA analysis is done by obtaining DNA samples from an individual; next, a large sample of DNA is produced from amplified selected sequences from the DNA collected.

Read More

More about Forensic DNA Phenotyping

Related Topics

Open Document