The Importance Of Diversity In Gauteng

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Gauteng is a smallest province in South Africa and it is characterised by high biodiversity. Gauteng province is situated within the savanna and highly threatened grassland biomes, with almost 83% of the Gauteng falling within the Highveld grassland which is the home to Bullfrogs (kings, 2013).The grasslands used to be the natural biome of Gauteng. There is an estimate of 3303 plant species, 125 mammal species, 483 bird species, 23 amphibians and 101 reptile species that have been identified in Gauteng. The province has the highest population and highest urbanization levels in the country which results in biodiversity being threatened by industrialization, mining, agriculture and urbanization (Ekurhuleni Metropolitan municipality, 2008). The Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality alone has 1644 different species, 255 of birds’ species, 14 amphibians and 41 species of reptiles (Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, 2004). On an international scale, scientists have noticed a decline in the population of amphibians and some to the point of extinction. Amphibians are mostly affected by habitat destruction and pollution due to human activities (Primack, 1998). Amphibians are sensitive to global environmental factors like climate changes, increased ultraviolet radiation, habitat fragmentation, chemical pollution and acid rain. Chemical pollution easily penetrates in the amphibians’ epidermis and a slight change in the water pH can destroy eggs and tadpoles (Primack, 1998).