Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to titrate an unknown solid acid (KH2PO4) with a standardized sodium hydroxide solution. After recording and plotting the data, the acid’s equivalence point will be recorded once the color changes. Using the equivalence point, the halfway point will be calculated, which is used to determine the acid’s equilibrium constant. The acid’s calculated equilibrium constant will be compared with the acid’s established pKa value.
B) Briefly describe each method, including the specific types of scientific tools and equipment used. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale:
Modifications of this procedure include the use of hot plates instead of Bunsen burners, and heating t-butyl alcohol to 60-65 ℃ instead of 50 ℃. Other modifications include the use of weighing boats to measure an amount of unknown instead of weighing paper, and completing one run of unknown 2 instead of two runs of unknown 2. Summary of
The purpose of sludge was the following: To use lab skills learned throughout the year to separate and identify each pure substance in the original mixture. The sludge that was given to the group had the name of Ramos. The mixture of Ramos was a dark, orange, murky liquid that had a few objects floating around in it, such as (or hypothesized as) orange blocks, and tiny ‘metal’ rods. The mixture also had a substance that looked like, and appeared to be, sand. These were all able to be separated and identified using the two labs stated below, without getting into specifics.
Wt. Mass Density Appearance 2-methycyclohexanol 0.75 mL 114.19 g/mol 0.93 g/mL Clear colorless liquid 85% Phosphoric acid 1.00 mL Clear
I think the movie Simon Birch and the book The Chrysalids go together extremely well, and really help create a full picture of what it means to be made in the image of God. In both the movie and the book, we see persecution because the way someone was made. Perhaps The Chrysalids more extreme than Simon Birch. In The Chrysalids we see that if anyone differs from what is thought to be “normal” then they are considered blasphemy, and either sent away or even killed. They even had a definition of what a man is, “The definition of man recited itself in my head: ‘and each leg shall be joined twice and have one foot, and each foot five toes, and each toe shall end with a flat nail…’ and so on, until finally: ‘And any creature that shall seem to be human, but is not formed thus is not human.
+ -.0005g of KNO3 dissolved in 20 + -0.5 mL. A 10 mL graduated cylinder was used to accurately measure. The pH of potassium nitrate was recorded and the probe was removed and
Procedure and Observations To begin the lab, first all the correct equipment and materials had to be collected
Macromolecules are the most important compounds in your body. If you didn’t consume the necessary nutrients to make these macromolecules, or were not able to synthesize these macromolecules, you would not be alive. Carbon is the base of all of these macromolecules, and the carbon skeleton is the most important part of the macromolecules, because if carbon did not have such a unique bonding capability, you would not be able to synthesize such complex and diverse molecules. When you eat food, it has certain nutrients specific to that type of food. However, there are four macromolecules that are in all living organisms, and we need them to live.
There are three main types of ester hydrolysis reactions: base-facilitated hydrolysis (saponification), acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (with the reverse reaction the Fischer Esterification), and enzymatic hydrolysis, triggered by lipases. Base-facilitated hydrolysis generally uses aqueous NaOH as a reagent, providing the base that attacks the carbonyl and begins the hydrolysis. Saponification hydrolyzes esters into carboxylic acids or fatty acids and alcohols. This has been used for thousands of years to produce soap from fatty acids as the salts produced from saponification can dissolve fats, surrounding them with micelles and allowing them to be easily removed with water1. It can also be used to produce glycerol from triglycerides.
If there is a color change, then it is known that protein is present in the solution. Finally, lipids are tested. 5 mL of water are added to 5 mL of oil. 5 drops of Sudan 3 are added, and if the color changes, then lipids are present. Next, the McMush is tested.
Also, although this likely served no contribution in disheveling the results, using a stirrer of the same material to ensure the separate testing of each substance will be as uniform as
The 250 mL beaker was rinsed well with the distilled water. The titration procedure above was repeated 2 more times with fresh potassium acid
If the sample to be analyzed is non-volatile, the techniques of derivatization or pyrolysis GC can be utilized. Gas chromatography (GC) has been an indispensable analytical technique in the application of fatty acid determinations in oilseed plant breeding, biosynthesis, and human metabolism. As well as the characterization of complex mixtures of geometric isomers when combined with other chromatographic separations and spectroscopic identification. Plant cultivators utilize GC as a more accurate and fast method to evaluate the differences and inheritance of fatty acids in oilseed crops such as rapeseed. flaxseed, and safflower.
The internal standard method allows a very accurate analysis to be performed, since the behaviour of the species of interest is compared to that of a known substance which is present in a specified amount. It is usual to include an identical volume or mass of the internal standard into each prepared standard. This facilitates easier calculations of the composition of the
