In this experiment, dehydration and dehydrobromination
The purpose of this experiment was to learn about metal hydride reduction reactions. Therefore, the sodium borohydride reduction of the ketone, 9-fluorenone was performed to yield the secondary alcohol, 9-fluorenol. Reduction of an organic molecule usually corresponds to decreasing its oxygen content or increasing its hydrogen content. In order to achieve such a chemical change, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is used as a reducing agent. There are other metal hydrides used in the reduction of carbonyl groups such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4).
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Molecular Weight (20 data points) 2mL 74.7875g 75.0277g 372.45K 148mL 1.00965atm 49g/mol 58.8903 g/mol 5mL 80.2920g 80.5722g 372.35K 140mL 1.00965atm
Cyclohexanes give off an extremely high, unfavorable energy due to the spatial orientation of the atoms. Since these atoms are proximally close steric hindrance is observed. When comparing planar cyclohexanes with a chair conformation of a cyclohexane it is important to note how severe the angle strain, torsional strain, and steric strain could be. In planar cyclohexanes the torsional strain and angle strain is quite severe; this is because all C-C bonds are eclipsed (torsional) and all of the internal bond angles deviate from 109° to 120° (angle). Although, the chair conformation of cyclohexane shows no angle strain (all bond angles are 109°), no torsional strain (all C-C bonds are staggered), and minimal steric strain (due to the absence
Purpose The purpose of the experiment was to determine the molar mass of unknown solute number 1. This was done by using colligative properties of solutions specifically, freezing point depression. Colligative properties depend on the number of molecules that are present in the solution rather than the nature of the molecules [1]. This fact is useful because knowing this allows one to use the properties of the number of molecule in the solution without needing to worry too much about the nature of the molecules.
Leah Romero 10/30/2017 Conclusion Lab 3 Chem 102L In lab 3, fundamentals of chromatography, the purpose was to examine how components of mixtures can be separated by taking advantage of different in physical properties. A huge process in this lab was paper chromatography, which was used to isolate food dyes that are found in different drink mixes. The different chromatograms of FD&C dyes were compared to identify which dyes are present in each of the mixes.
Abstract In this experiment, the reaction kinetics of the hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride, (CH3)3CCl, was studied. The experiment was to determine the rate constant of the reaction, as well as the effects of solvent composition on the rate of reaction. A 50/50 V/V isopropanol/water solvent mixture was prepared and 1cm3 of (CH3)3CCl was added. At specific instances, aliquots of the reaction mixture were withdrawn and quenched with acetone.
When ethyl oxidizes in the liver, alcohol dehydrogenase (enzyme) loses electrons to produce acetaldehyde. A different enzyme known as 'aldehyde dehydrogenase' transforms the acetaldehyde alongside oxygen into an organic compound which is acetic acid. Once ethanol alcohol oxidizes in the liver an enzyme known as alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes in order to produce an organic compound called acetaldehyde and binds with oxygen into acetic acid. Acetic acid is a transparent liquid with an intense scent. The chemical formula of it is C2H402.
CLAIRE MUNTING 29/01/2018 Criterion C EFFECTS OF SURFACE AREA OF CALCIUM CARBONATE UPON RATE OF REACTION Calcium Carbonate Chips 1 Introduction: Within the current investigation, the effects of the surface area of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in combination with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) upon its rate of reaction. CaCO3, commonly referred to as limestone, is an organic substance and is, in a sense, the crystallised “carbonic salt” of the element, calcium2. In addition to being a salt, the pH level of Calcium Carbonate is 9.91, and it is therefore, a basic substance, due to the fact that it is comprised of a pH level higher than 7, which is neutral3. HCl, however, is the bodily acid found in the stomach of human beings.
During rotation of separatory flask the pressure was created inside and after the release of the pressure through the stem a little bump was observed. After the 5 minutes the methanol was rich with caffeine and its previously translucent white color changed to bright green. After the drying the crude caffeine was pale green color.
Introduction: In this lab, of water in a hydrate, or a substance whose crystalline structure is bound to water molecules by weak bonds, is determined by heating up a small sample of it. By heating, the water of hydration, or bound water, is removed, leaving only what is called an anhydrous compound. Based on the percent water in the hydrate, it can be classified as one of three types: BaCl2O ⋅ 2H20, with a percent water of about 14.57%, CuSO4
There are multiple points both at 43°C and at 72°C which indicates that liquid was collected at these temperatures. Based on this information, it would appear that two different liquids were present in solution and that one liquid has a boiling point of approximately 43°C and that the other has a boiling point of approximately 72°C. The literature value boiling point for DCM in is reported to be about 40°C and it is about 80°C for cyclohexane. Based on the graph, DCM was collected from 4 ml to 22 ml, thus 18 ml of DCM was collected.
The fractions in the fractional distillation such as N-hexane, isohexane, methyl cyclopentane have normal boiling point close to cyclohexane which makes the recovery of cyclohexane uneconomic and difficult. 2. Quantity of cyclohexane recovered is not enough to meet the current demand since the cyclohexane content of naphtha is about 5%- 15% by weight .3 Selection of Pathway to Cyclohexane (2) Hydrogenation of Benzene: C6H6 +3H2 →
For the preparation of the catalyst, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, Merck; purity> 99.9%) was dissolved in anhydrous ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH, Merck; purity>99.9%) under stirring for homogenization within 15 min at room temperature. After that, 3-aminopropyl(trimethoxy)silane (APS) was added to the ethanolic solution and mixed for >15 min. Then, Salicylaldehyde was added to the solution of TEOS and APS. The molar ratio of TEOS/APS/ Salicylaldehyde was 5:1:1. Then, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (0.5mol) was added to above solution and was kept at 80 °C for 12h under reflux.
