During the 1600's there was massive amounts of trade between Europe, America and Africa called the Triangular trade or the Columbian exchange named after Columbus. The Triangular trade was influential for every single continent, even ones not involving Europe, America or Africa. This trade had positive and negative effects on all continents. Europe, Americas and Africa all experienced great economic and population growth.
North America gained crops like coffee beans, sugarcane and livestock which caused their economy to grow. These crops were called cash crops. Spain tried to use the tropical landscape of the Americas to grow sugarcane. A very expensive crop in European markets. Some of the livestock were good and some bad. Horses revolutionized the ability to hunt making it much easier and quicker. But since many of these livestock and crops are not native some became invasive. Pigs were a big problem for America because they multiplied quickly and ate many of the land's plants. Pigs also carried diseases and soon diseases from Europe spread to America. The reason why the diseases that Europeans spread to America compared to the diseases America spread to Europe is for 3 reasons. Because Europeans lived in bigger, more packed cities, a greater population density caused the bacteria and viruses to bounce across person to person and slowly evolve and get stronger. On top of that,
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South America's Aztec holidays were adopted into Spanish Catholicism. Europeans preached Christianity to Native Americans, which they altered and distorted to their own. The catholic celebration All souls and All saints day was combined with an Aztec festival of honoring the dead became a new day: Day of the dead. For the negatives, Malaria and yellow fever was spread because parasites lived inside transported slaves and settlers which brought the disease from Europe to South