The Occupational Adaptation Model

The frame of reference that will be utilized is the Occupational Adaptation Model. Created by Schultz and Schkade, The Occupational Adaptation model provides a process of adaptation that proposes occupation both as the means through which adaptation occurs and the end for which functional adaptation is desirable (Jackson & Schkade, 2001). The primary focus of treatment utilizing this model is the patient’s preferred occupational role, involvement in controlling and evaluation the results of the therapy process, and affecting the adaptation outcome in order to lead to relative mastery in occupational functioning (Jackson & Schkade, 2001). Relative mastery is measured by efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction (Jackson & Schkade,

For example, a weight attached to the wrist by a strap increases resistance to arm movements during needlework or other activities (Pendleton & Schultz-Krohn, 2017). It is important to design interventions that target the client’s prior performance patterns and emotional and social needs. In one study, 29 Swedish older adults who suffered a hip fracture reported a significant decline in their ability to perform hobbies and engage in social activities after their hip fracture and that these activities were more important to them than self-care activities (Pendleton & Schultz-Krohn, 2017). As a result, the occupational therapist can play a key role in the client’s psychosocial adjustment to physical limitations and in maximizing the client’s return to participation in meaningful activities (Pendleton & Schultz-Krohn,

For example, the non-operated leg is used for weight bearing during sitting and standing from the chair to the commode. The height and angle can be adjusted so that the front legs are one notch lower than the back legs so that the precautionary hip angle of flexion is not exceeded. It is important to instruct the client to perform toilet hygiene while seated while using caution to avoid forward flexion or rotation of the hip. The client should also stand and step to turn to face the toilet when flushing so as to avoid hip rotation (Pendleton & Schultz-Krohn,