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Racial profiling and its effects on society
Racial profiling and its effects on society
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The United States criminal justice system is diminishing millions of lives every day. Ironically, the amount of inequalities that the criminal justice system portrays goes against the term ‘justice’. There is a 33% chance that a black male will end up in jail in his lifetime, while white males have a 6% chance. There are 4,749 black males incarcerated while there are only 703 white males. Prisons receive revenue of 1.65 billion dollars per year which makes them willing to incarcerate anyone that they can (“Enduring Myth of Black Criminality”).
A recent study of sentencing decisions in Pennsylvania (Steffensmeier et al., 1998) identified significant interrelationships among race, gender, age, and sentence severity. The authors of this study found that each of the three offender characteristics had significant direct effects on sentence outcomes and that the characteristics interacted to produce substantially harsher sentences for one category of offenders—young black males. This study responds to Steffensmeier et al. 's (1998:789) call for “further research analyzing how race effects may be mediated by other factors. ” We replicate their research approach, examining the intersections of the effects of race, gender, and age on sentence outcomes.
Since, the majority of African-Americans live in areas of drug involvement, they are more likely to be racially profiled and investigated. This has created an uneven ethnic ratio in prisons and produced stereotypes that affect children that prevent them from becoming abiding citizens.
Kamalu, Ngozi Caleb, Margery Coulson-Clark, and Nkechi Margaret Kamalu. " Racial Disparities in Sentencing: Implications for the Criminal Justice System and the African American Community." African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies: AJCJS 4.1 (2010): 1-31. ProQuest.
A racial disparity in sentencing has been analyzed to play a huge role in the sentencing of individuals for over 20 years. In most
An 18 year old first time offender caught with less than two ounces of cocaine received a 10 year sentence. A 46 year old father of three who sold some of his painkillers to someone he thought was his friend, received a 25 year sentence. In 2006 37.5% of all state and federal prisoners were black. One in 33 african american men were in jail, compared to one in 205 white men and one in 79 hispanic men.
Shantel, Keisha, Keonte’, Latoya, and Mo’Nique are all black sounding names that will not get someone hired at certain jobs. Raven-Symone’ was recently interviewed on a talk show named The View and said that she would not hire an African American if their name sounded too black, in other words, ghetto. “The diversification of baby names in America started in the late 1960s during a larger socio cultural shift that emphasized individuality” (Jerkins). African Americans are always judged by their skin color, their race, and now their name. Many employers are bias against African Americans without even knowing that they are.
The Huffington Post says, “The U.S. incarcerates nearly seven times as many people, measured as a share of population, as Canada does. People of color are disproportionately represented in the American prison population and are typically punished more severely than white peers for the same crimes” (Daniel Marans). Racism against people of color has caused them to be represented poorly in society as potential criminals, especially black. MIT informs its viewers that “according to the United States census Bureau, blacks are twice as likely to be poor compared to other races, and eight times as likely to be imprisoned. Blacks are also three times more likely to be convicted of drug violations than whites.
The racial disparity can be accounted for through the mass incarceration of black offenders in terms of sentencing with mention of a racial caste in place, not allowing those of color to move from their position. As such, mass incarceration has led to prisons being filled with an overpopulation of those who are black than any other race. Interesting enough, it has been proven through surveys that those who are white are more likely to engage in drug crime rather than those who are black. I found this to be an interesting point to discuss as it raises the question as to just why are more people of color incarcerated at a growing rate than
A study conducted by the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services undertaking claims of sentencing disparities studies the felony sentencing outcomes particularly in New York courts between the years 1990 and 1992. Astonishingly, the study concluded that approximately one-third of minorities sentenced to prison would have received a shorter sentence with the possibility of a non-incarcerative penalty if they had been treated similarly to their white counterparts. Consequently, other sentencing data is consistent with the results of this study’s findings. On a national scale, black males specifically, who were convicted of drug felonies in state courts 52 percent of the time, while white males typically receive prison sentencing approximately 34 percent of the time. In addition, these figures are not constrained to gender given the similar ratio among black and white women as well.
In 2010, 27.4% of black families reported yearly earnings of under $21,000 throughout the United States. This comes as a result of high unemployment rates and low-income earnings of 17% of single parent households. In diverse communities, black families earn 10% less than Hispanics families and 20% less than white families making it impossible for them to afford service such as childcare, medical coverage or enroll their children in specialized schools in the community. With limited child care, working parents are unable to work long hours while some quit their current jobs. In addition to this, children attend poorly funded public schools that are overcrowded and taught with outdated learning materials.
Theoretical Framework This qualitative study determines African American students’ sense of belonging at a Hispanic-serving institution in Houston, Texas. Some methods of data collection that are utilized in this study are focus groups and interviews. These methods allow the researcher to gather organic responses from students lived experiences which help the researcher better understand African American students’ sense of belonging. Secondary/existing data such as official and personal documents are also utilized to determine what programs and initiatives were put in place to increase students’ sense of belonging and to determine how these programs and initiatives have changed over the years. Coding and identifying common themes through
People of all different races and ethnicities are locked behind bars because they have been convicted of committing a crime and they are paying for the consequences. When looking at the racial composition of a prison in the United States, it does not mimic the population. This is because some races and ethnicities are over represented in the correctional system in the U.S. (Walker, Spohn, & DeLone, 2018). According Walker et al. (2018), African-Americans/Blacks make up less than fifteen percent of the U.S. population, while this race has around thirty-seven percent of the population in the correctional system today.
In 1860, African American rights were a hot topic with the abolitionist movement moving forward but how many rights did African Americans really have. By 1860 African Americans were not given equal political economic or social rights, their right to vote was only available in 5 states, were forced to compete for low paying jobs, and were unable to use facilities marked as white. African Americans were economically disadvantaged, they were refused from high paying positions forcing African Americans into low paying jobs that would hire them. The 2nd source claims that African Americans were unable to become doctors or hold well paying jobs.
them at a disadvantage in job market. They also lack support systems to prepare them for the job market, which also is a big disadvantage. The lack of early opportunities is another drawback that held them back from landing good job opportunities. Many employers believe that African-Americans in particular lack soft-skills needed to fulfill the job requirements. This may not be completely true but African-Americans are underrepresented when it comes to job selection.
