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The Pros And Cons Of Animal Studies

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Recommended: Ethical issues with animal testing

New studies are being published on the ethical failings of researchers to adequately represent data in a variety of contexts. This could have serious implications for the veracity of certain information germane to deliberations on whether or not studies should progress to the next stage, among other things. One new American study, for example, has found that placebo groups are used often in clinical trials despite a lack of appropriate guidelines for how they can be used, and the study shows how problematic that is. Meanwhile, a German and Canadian study is showing what is perhaps an even bigger deal, which is that inadequacies in the designs of animal studies as well as insufficient reporting of said studies are proving to be a circumvention …show more content…

Kimmelman, Strech, and their colleagues were flabbergasted, and their own findings ultimately are understated by their assessment that these documents did not adequately measure the strength of the evidence that supported the transition to human testing on the basis of completed animal experiments. To say that there is evidence of publication bias for that matter, which they do also say, is just isn’t enough in and of itself.

“With a median group size of eight animals, these studies had limited ability to measure treatment effects precisely. Chance alone should have resulted in more studies being negative — the imbalance strongly suggests publication bias,” according to postdoctoral fellow Susanne Wieschowski from Strech’s team. Mind you, they assessed 109 investigator brochures that were all approved by those three German review boards most responsible for reviewing such things. This corroborates the findings of previous studies that also found that animal-based research commonly doesn’t involve the critical analyses that they …show more content…

They published in Nutrients that, in lieu of the progress made by American institutions since World War II, medical ethics still falls short when it comes to guidelines (or the lack thereof) for how placebo groups are used for drugs that have already made it to human

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“In 1999, president Clinton’s National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) issued a report saying that federal oversight of tissue research is “inadequate” and “ambiguous”. It recommended specific changes that would ensure patients’ rights to control how their tissues were being used.” (page 327). Unfortunately, the changes were never made and scientists still have the ability to conduct research on one’s tissues without consent. The reason for why the changes were nullified remain unknown even to Wayne Grody an individual “who was in thick of the debate in the nineties, (for) why the congressional recommendations and NBAC report seemed to have vanished.”.

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There are now laws that require every study to be examined and approved by committees before any experiment involve humans is

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The job of the “Commission was to identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects and to develop guidelines which should be followed to assure that such research is conducted in accordance with those principles.” (The National Commission for the Protection of Human

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Although in the 1950’s everyone was oblivious to the actions of unjust cell culture and research, a minority were aware of the consequences however they failed to act upon it. Because of this many researchers took this as an easy way to access all of the patient’s information without consent intending it would benefit both sides. “Southam… was withholding information because patients might have refused to participate in his study if they’d known what he was injecting” ( Skloot 130). Ethics plays a long way in knowledge and moral conscious. Not only does it balance out the set of disciplinary concepts, it also sets the intellectual discipline.

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I held the misbelief that we must have developed laws by now that clearly regulated issues such as consent in tissue research. However, to learn that the Common Rule which “requires informed consent for all human-subject research” does not apply-- because tissue research is not federally funded and the researcher never truly meets the “donor”, therefore, the donor is not considered a human-- was appalling (Skloot, 2010, p 231). To know that every research facility, doctor's office, and any other institution to conduct tissue research is not legally bound by the same restrictions is somewhat terrifying, because “guidelines and ethical codes are not laws” (Skloot, 2010, p.

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Critics have claimed that the results from an animal cannot generalize over to people, and while this can be true, assumptions about human behavior based on animal research takes into consideration data from descriptive as well as experimental studies with people. The second objection to animal research is that it has no practical value as the research only provides facts that are only useful to a theoretician. While this might sometimes be the case the findings from animal research have been able to be put to good use in topics such as child rearing, sports, and education. Lastly, many critics are quick to say that animal research is unethical as people have no more right to experiment on animals as animals have to experiment on people. While there are ethical concerns that should be taken seriously these concerns beg the question of if it is unethical to use animals in research what about eating them, what about forcing them to be our pets or what about using animals on

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Throughout history, we have seen many unethical forms of human research done, which have ultimately led to dire consequences (Brandt, Lecture 7, Slide 6). Today, ethical research tools have been put forward to determine when experimentation for human research should be allowed. Equipoise is the balance between two conflicting demands, where one demand will promote the welfare of the patient while the other demand will promote the advancement of medical knowledge (Freedman, 1987, 95). There are two types of equipoise: clinical equipoise and therapeutic equipoise. Clinical equipoise looks at the balance through the scientific community, whereas therapeutic equipoise looks at the balance through the judgment of a single physician (Weiger et al., 2013, 93).

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(Zimbardo 2018). 2. I do not consider either of these studies ethical because I do not agree with human

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However, the animal groups are misrepresenting the data and taking the data completely out of context. The high failure rate means that the trials are working correctly to ensure potentially dangerous medicines or those that are ineffective do not make it onto the market. The animal trials help prevent many potentially dangerous medicines from reaching the human stage of testing, and could not be done any other way without placing human subjects at undue risk. However, several animal rights groups have spun these numbers and place them in their own context in order to make the number appear to back their

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Any study that involves subjects concerning human beings should be approved first from the ethics committee before being effected (Chiarelli & Cockburn, 2002). Further, if the paper ever sought for ethical approval is not being mentioned in any section of the article concerning its ethical issues. This is one of the pitfalls noticed at the beginning of the

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In “Animal Testing is Bad Science” states that “The Federal Drug Administration has noted that 92 percent of all drugs that are shown to be safe and effective in animal test fail in human trials because they don’t work or are dangerous.” This shows that doing experiments on animals are unreliable and do not always have the same effect on humans. In addition, animal experimentation is unethical and unreliable and it puts the animals in

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In conclusion, society’s attitude towards animal testing is quite balanced. There is not one particular research where society is all for or against the subject of animals in medical research. Over the past 20 years many individuals attitude has change as some are beginning to show support for testing as they have seen the now breakthrough’s that are helping critically ill patients. Medical research has not particularly been affected by society’s attitudes, research has become more stronger over the years as individuals are beginning to see the breakthroughs and results from the testings, this has been shown in surveys by Pifer (1994) and Corwin (1999). There need to be more consideration for further research on society’s attitude toward

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Medical Research has the potential to advance society and make life better for everyone in it. However, the ends cannot justify the means; the rights of the subjects of research cannot be violated no matter the possible benefit to mankind. Despite this, time and time again, it has been very easy for, at least allegedly well-meaning scientists to violate the rights of their research subjects because they wanted to help society as a whole. Such experiments were not performed in secret by a minority of scientists; they were often done “by respected investigators at leading medical institutions and were published in medical journals (Scandals and Tragedies 3). " It is vital that we understand the circumstances of these experiments and why they happened so

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Noah Berlatsky. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2015. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "Animal Testing Is Bad Science: Point/Counterpoint."

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Animal testing is a phrase that most people have heard but are perhaps still unsure of exactly what it involve. Whether it is called animal testing, experimentation or research, it should be defined as all testing methods on animals including, medical exploration, cosmetics, toxicology trialing, and psychological examination involving animal subjects. It is used to assess the safety and effectiveness of medications and beauty products as well as understanding how the human physiology works. While supporters believe it is necessary practice, those against animal testing believe that it involves torture and suffering to animals. Medical research is the hardest case of proposition in the debate whether animal testing should be banned or not, since it has previously yielded substantial benefits for humanity.

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