Dental Materials Research Paper

Abstract
In the 1960’s the word biocompatibility was not commonly used. The word toxicity was more frequently used. Biocompatible is defined in Dorland’s’ Illustrated Medical Dictionary as being harmonious with life and not having toxic or injurious effect on biologic function. In broad, a bio material can be defined as any substance, other than a drug, that can be used any period as a part of a system that treats, augments or replaces any tissue, organ, or function of the body. Dental materials must meet the requirements in the definitions of the term’s biomaterials and biocompatible which are relative to all oral tissue tests for evaluation of biocompatibility. This review article gives brief knowledge about biocompatibility of different materials used in dentistry.
Keyword: Biocompatible,Dental materials,Biohazard.

INTRODUCTION:
Dental

LOCAL EFFECTS SYSTEMIC EFFECTS

Local effects might occur in the pulp of the tooth, in the periodontium , at the root apex, or in nearby oral tissues such as the buccal mucosa or tongue.
Eg. The allergic reactions of the gingiva to a nickel-containing crown. Systemic effects might gain access to the body via ingestion and absorption in the gut inhaled vapour, released at the root apex or absorption through the oral mucosa .

BIOCOMPATIBILITY TESTS:
Various preclinical biocompatibility test system have been introduced,aiming at an evaluation of the potential risk of dental materials.(ISO 7405 and 10993-5). Thesetests are categorized on the basis of their applicability levels.1.
Initial tests includes cell culture tests,hemolytic tests ,systemic toxicity tests and test estimating teratogenic and carcinogenic effects and potential.Secondary1 tests cover implantation tests, skin and mucous membrane irritation tests and sensitization tests. Usage tests take into account the manner in which the materials are intended to be used in clinical