Safety is one of the most urgent concerns of society, most especially in the public sphere where most social interactions and exchanges are held. To feel safe in the community where one resides in is a basic human right. In response to this, there have been many attempts to redesign the environment of the public space to make it safer, such as the introduction of CCTV and improvement of street lighting (Welsh & Farrington, 2004). Although the manipulation of the space itself had a desirable effect on the reduction of crime, there are always limitations.
Cases of theft, rape, and assault inside transits and on streets were repeatedly observed by various researchers, even though both locations were largely considered to be public property. Rennison (2002) observes that, during the years 1992 to 2000, the average yearly number of rapes of persons 12 and above amount to
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This is where thermoelectric energy comes in. Thermoelectric energy is the utilization of the temperature of the environment to produce electricity, making it not only an affordable energy source but an environment-friendly one as well. This kind of energy provides solutions to the limitations of battery-supported systems, with its ability to work without fail and its power-saving design. It works by harvesting ambient energy through energy scavenging technology and producing electrical power from heat flow across a temperature gradient. The primary equipment used in this type of passive harvesting is the thermoelectric generator (TEG), also called the Seebeck generator. The use of these harvesters can significantly extend the time of operation of rechargeable batteries and are even conjectured to be able to replace them in the future (Thielen et al.,