Regulations of human biotechnologies, including the practices and products their policies cover, the jurisdiction of authority and the nature of enforcement differ from country to country. Countries such as the United Kingdom have established agencies that are responsible for licensing and monitoring research and commercial facilities that work with human embryos (“Other Countries”, n.d). Additionally, over forty countries have made some applications of human biotechnologies such inheritable human genetic modification and human reproductive cloning illegal (“Other Countries”, n.d).
A survey in 2014 of thirty-nine countries, conducted by Motoko Araki and Tetsuya Ishii, discovered that there were a variety of regulatory approaches regarding human germline modification. Many European countries legally prohibited any intervention in the germline modification (Charo, 2016). The Council of Europe’s Oviedo Convention says that predictive genetics tests should only be used for medical purposes and specifically calls for the prohibition of using genetic engineering of the germline or changing the makeup of later generations (Charo, 2016). International Law
Biotechnology developments involving modification of the human genetic structure has attracted attention from ethicists and legislators nationally in Europe and North America, however less attention is paid to these matters in developing countries as the research and potential application of the technology are beyond the means of many countries (Marks, 2002). Three principal instruments of international law that address human genetic manipulation are initiatives introduced by the European states. These
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Other conflicting assumptions are present in the United States, although there are many exceptions between these geographical distinctions (Marks, 2002). The following countries have devised laws regarding forms of Human Genetic