In the movie Nightjohn directed by Charles Burnett their were many differences than the book Nightjohn by Gary Paulsen. The differences are minimal and sometimes would not even be noticed. Most movies would be very boring if they would be the same as the book. In the book all the characters are different than they are in the movie. One character is Mrs.Waller the wife of Clel Waller.
What was even more terrifying was the development of employee contracts to control workers even further. In Document E, the contract completely banned the involvement of workers in unions, denying them many rights and freedoms if they sought to work at the place in question. Without any power to strike, unions were powerless to try and reform their conditions except to try and lobby in the government, and workers continued to suffer. The different agendas of the unions also presented a problem.
In the Taft-Hartley Act, the US Congress demonstrated this by demolishing the rights of worker unions and strikes, giving the employers overwhelming control over the lives of employees. The National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, passed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, previously protected the strikes and collective bargaining of employees and labor unions. However, with the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act, labor unions were much weaker than before, and many even branded this act as the “slave-labor act.” “To pass the Taft-hartley Act that lifted many of the protections organized labor had enjoyed since the passage of the Wagner Act in the 1930s” (Fraser 754). With the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act, many of the rights that protected the rights of workers to collectively bargain with their employers without any risk of losing their jobs and union strikes, were significantly weakened.
They would have no nails, they had worn them off pulling hides; their knuckles were swollen so that their fingers spread out like a fan. There were men who worked in the cooking-rooms...in these rooms the germs of tuberculosis might live for two years.” These suffering Americans appealed to the government and labor unions for help, but they did not receive it due to lack of union organization, big business ties, and laissez-faire economic ideals. During the Gilded Age, the U.S. government suppressed the average industrial worker, and labor unions, though created for laborers’ aid, accomplished little and were futile when facing big business and government.
From 1875-1900, America was beginning to rise up from the increase in industrialization. However, dubbed “the gilded age” by Mark Twain, the thriving promise of a better , wealthier life in America was not as it seemed. When labor unions rose to change the harsh working conditions placed on workers, it seemed to be that they found little to no success. This was brought on by the little change that they made, the suffering and hardships they brought on themselves and others, and the little support they received from those around them. Although labor unions were able to change some conditions, most of those changes were minimal.
The ability of unions to rapidly expand amidst crises like the Great Depression provides "important historical background on the relationships of power between labor, the state, and the economy. " Just as legislative changes enabled 1930s activism by reforming anti-union policies, so too have modern reforms enabled tactics like unionization efforts at major companies today. And mirroring how economic desperation drove militancy before New Deal relief, recent strikes have emerged from frustrations over stagnant wages and pandemic
Facing difficulties in Europe, many Europeans sought refuge and work in the United States. The “new” immigrants, who were unskilled and illiterate, found jobs in factories(Davidson and Stoff[Page 603]). In an effort to increase profits, industrialists forced their workers to work for long hours, with minimum wages, and sometimes under hazardous conditions. Some Americans began to form Labor Unions. The purpose of Labor Unions was to protect workers rights.
(Document A) These rich businessmen also hated the idea of unions, and even insulted them because they wanted to extend hours with less pay, the opposite of what the unions wanted. An example of one of these businessmen insulting the unions was Henry Clay Frick, president of Carnegie Steel in 1892 who said “...I will never recognize the union, never, never” (Document D) These problems still aren’t fully solved today, there are still wealthy business owners that blame the poor for being poor, and dislike labor
“In the United States history of unions, early workers and trade unions played an important part in the role for independence” (Union Plus). In 1866, the National Labor Union (NLU) ambitiously tried to achieve equal rights for women, African Americans, and mandate eight-hour work days. They managed to convince Congress to adopt the eight-hour work day, but only for federal employees. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) with approximately 1.4 million members was successful in wage negotiation, and enhanced work conditions for its members. “A combination of factors contributed to the debilitating Panic of 1873, which triggered what the public referred to at the time as the “Great Depression” of the 1870s” (OpenStax College, 2014).
However, the economic crises in 1837 collapsed the labor unions because of economic hard times, and with immigrants coming in surplus willing to work for cheap, regular people could not compete and thus had to work at the beckon of the factories. Labor unions worked when the economy was resilient, but when the economy was shocked, everyone was too afraid of demanding more when there were those willing to work for
The United States of American workforce in the late 1800s and early 1900s was very unfair. Due to the unfairness, workers banded together to form Unions. Owners and bosses hated Unions and would fight against them, which would start strikes against the Unions. Unions only wanted fairness and the major problems they faced when they first formed were, fighting for equal wages, fighting for safe work conditions, and the fight for better working hours. Better wages was one of the key things all Unions wanted.
Therefore, Degler states, ¨Unions were labor´s protection against the force of industrialization¨ he continues with ¨all labor unions, at bottom, are conservatives...essentially reactions against a developing capitalism.¨ (Degler, 283) Therefore, the foundation of all labor unions sustain the values and goals of conservative radicals, who object the exploitation of big businesses upon workers. Therefore, the purpose of these unions is to maintain individualism within workers. One of several union labors which achieved great success was the Knights of Labor (1869), the organization accepted membership from any individual within the working-class who suffered under the hand of industries. The inclusive factor of the labor activist group allowed the institution to rapidly grow; their members were deskilling white men, women and African Americans who served as domestic servants.
In the past, the treatment of workers was unfair and frequently cruel. Labor unions changed that. Pushing for better working environments, union laborers arduously fought for justice in the workplace, resulting in the passing of many laws and Federal acts protecting workers and improving life for the average working man. In an article from the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) illustrating the benefits of unions for everyday people, authors Walters and Mishel state: “Unions make a substantial and measurable difference in the implementation of labor laws.” A variety of necessary laws were passed, including child labor laws and acts granting compensation for employees injured in the workplace.
This provided better working hours and safe conditions for the factory workers. People argue that the factory owners sent thugs to interrupt labor unions and government did little to protect the laborers. However, when the Antitrusts Acts were passed, it stated that nothing contained in the Antitrust Laws shall be constructed to forbid the existence and operation of labor organizations (7). This proves that the Federal Government tried to intervene and help the laborers. Sooner or later, factory workers got what they wanted with the help of the reforms during the Progressive Era.
A Rube Goldberg machine is a complicated machine built to do a simple task. This type of machine was invented in the early 1940’s by Rube Goldberg. Rube Goldberg machines are made by combining various simple machines. The three simple machines that I will b using are inclined plane(s), lever(s), and when and axle(s). Inclined planes are very commonly used simple machines and consist simply of a flat, sloping surface.
