The Pros And Cons Of The Oka Affair In Canada
The Canadian government also inappropriately dealt with Aboriginal social justice issues, as seen through the land claims like the Oka Crisis and the Ipperwash. The Oka Crisis was a 78-day standoff, beginning on July 11th, 1990 between Mohawk protesters, police, and army. The crisis began when the proposed expansion of an 18 hole golf course and development of 60 luxury condominiums on disputed land included a Mohawk burial ground. The Mohawks were infuriated, as the Euro-Canadians proposed the use of land that belonged to them was to be used for a luxury of their own, leading them to erect a barricade to Oka. The Police wouldn’t tolerate the actions of the Mohawks, and intervened 3 months later, attempting to cease the barricade.
Personally I have plenty of thoughts and opinions regarding what happened in July 11th, 1990 in the village of Oka, Quebec regarding Oka Crisis. The people of Oka, also known as Mohawks, were confronted with a plan to extend a golf course onto their native land. This specific piece of land was very sacred to the Mohawks as it has been burial grounds for their families. The people of Oka then made a barricade in attempts to protect these grounds. On July 11th the police intervened and attempted to destroy this barricade meanwhile, shots were fired, people were injured and the whole place was a mess.
With the example of the minor, in comparison, power imbalance between police and citizens, it is a valid point of concern that this inequality between individuals and the state could end very poorly. A group of respected, and notable Canadian Officials consisting of 22 significant political figures released a statement via the Globe and Mail and La Presse newspapers, expressing their concerns with the bill. Their main concern with the proposed ac was the fact it may lead to significant human rights violations: “… experience has shown that serious human rights abuses can occur in the name of maintaining national security.” Historical events, which have occurred in Canada, such as the War
There was considerable media scope of the Oka Crisis the country over, and popular supposition fluctuated broadly. “Oka Crisis: The Mirror of the Soul” (Ciaccia). In the sentence, Oka Crisis does not mean that it is about attention and brought on the federation of human rights, but it is about history, human nature, a choice of multiple cultures, survival, and soul. Numerous Quebeckers, particularly those living in the prompt region, were rankled by the barricades. In one occurrence, nearby inhabitants including the most part ladies, youngsters, and the elderly as they attempted to leave the Kanesatake save.
Greatly valued in the west, Canada is proud to have a set of rights and freedoms granted to every one of its citizens. Under the Canadian Charter Rights and Freedoms, it dictates what the state’s citizens are entitled to, which can involve the right to expression and the right to equality. Of course, there are reasonable limitations to these rights, such as restricting what sort of speech is free, but since the September 9, 2011 attack in New York City (hereby referenced as 9/11), the Canadian government has been passing legislature that has been cracking down hard on these rights. These legislatures, such as Bill C-36, has been created specifically to fight off terrorism, but this fight has been done almost blindly and in a rash manner. Cases
Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future Summary of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2015.Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://ehprnh2mwo3.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Executive_Summary_English_Web.pdf Mcneil, J. (2023, Jan 31). Inequalities and Outcomes [PowerPoint Slides]. Lecture notes from PLAN 233, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada. Mcneil, J. (2023, Feb 7.).
The Oka Crisis - In 1990, village of Oka, Quebec wanted to expand their golf course into the Mohawk territory, this caused violence between the Quebec police and Mohawk’s, the land was later turned over to the Mohawk’s after 2 months of conflict (pg: 35) - During the Oka crisis, 70% Canadians believed that the government broke the treaty rights of the Aboriginals (pg: 35) - After the Oka crisis, many Canadians sympathized with the Aboriginal people’s struggle and in 1991, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney set up a royal commission (pg:35) - The commission of the Oka crisis summarized that the policy direction followed for more than 150 years has been wrong. Also for Canadians to view Aboriginal people “as nations with a right to govern themselves
The GasTown Riot of 1971 was a crucial turning point in the history of Vancouver. This pivotal riot had taken place in the neighbourhood of GasTown on August 7th, 1971 (Boudreau 2021). The Saturday consisted of a riot between police and the Youth International Party who were in opposition to the illegalization of marijuana as well as the protesting against Operation Dustpan (Clément 2020) which was intended to insert undercover units to hold drug users accountable for their actions (Miceli 2018). Although intentions of the youth were peaceful, police broke out this smoke-in protest in violence and hostility causing a significant division between these two groups. This division had an effect on society as well, both politically and generationally.
The conflicts between Canadian government and aboriginal groups have existed since the first British and French settlers came to Canada; however, some problems still appear today. The Oka Crisis is one of the major chaos caused by these left-over problems. In 1990, in order to stop the government from taking over their claimed lands, some Mohawks on the Kanesatake reserve blocked the roads near the Quebec village of Oka. Police forces were called to action; however, the aboriginal protesters killed a policeman and the police failed to take over the blocked. As the crisis upgraded, more and more protesters from all areas started to do the same thing.
¬¬¬Canada is known worldwide, as a multi-cultured and accepting society¬¬¬. Canada is recognized as understanding of all genders, races, ages, sex orientations, and all religions. Canada shows this acceptance in the collective morals of society, but also in the legal system. However not every country is like Canada. Canada is a democracy so the belief is in being equal and fair, thus Canada put these beliefs into effect by creating the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms using the Equality Rights section.
Unlike our neighbours down below. We have these special set of rights called Collective Rights that recognise three major groups of Canada: First nations, Metis and Language Minority. Canada also has the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that was signed in 1982. This recognizes individuals and the collective rights in Canada. My first stamp shows the layout of Canada were Treaties 1 to 11 are on the map.
Law enforcement officials have to use force in certain situations when deemed necessary. When an officer deploys any sort of force he or she is attempting to regain control of the situation. Under the Criminal Code of Canada officers are mandated to use force when carrying out their duties. Recently, there have been many inquires in relation to the use of force by the public and media. Officer judgment is a crucial factor when law enforcement official chooses to use any type of force.
Freedom of speech is an important part of the way Australia is seen by other countries as being the land of opportunity worldwide. This freedom of speech may also incite hate speech and other racism views among other discriminatory views. If freedom of speech brings about discrimination towards religion, sexual orientation and cultures then should Freedom of Speech itself be regulated to protect victims from the opinions of others?
With the Canadian election taking place and the Liberal Party taking over, Justin Treadeu and his cabinet can focus on a promise that should have been dealt with by the previous government. The campaign promise consists of taking control over the high levels of violence against Aboriginal women and girls (Meghan Rhoad, 2015, para. 1). Meghan Rhoad’s, author of Keeping a Promise to Canada’s Indigenous Women and Girls, claims that (2015), “indigenous women and girls in Canada are murdered at almost four times the rate of other women and girls in Canada” (para. 2). The liberal party has determined that a national public inquiry regarding the murders and vanishings will be authorized. This will establish a moment for an independent investigation that will provide assistance to combating a plan of action (Rhoad, 2015, para. 4).
Intro- Citizens of the United States is what makes up our American society today. Citizenship is the common thread that keeps, and connects the Americans together. As citizens we are granted rights by the constitution, and rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. The history of social conflicts can be found in the history of each right and its development. The rights that we have as American citizens is what creates the strong foundation for our nation.
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