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The Pros And Cons Of The United States Emergency Management System

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Emergencies are best managed on the lowest possible level. Homeland Security Presidential Directive - 5 set the precedent for collaboration in responding to emergencies whether they are man-made or natural disasters. Resiliency creates a community that is able to come back from a crisis stronger and wiser than they were before. Although all aspects of the U.S. emergency management system are essential, the most important aspect is the whole community approach comprised of the public – private partnership and personal preparedness. The whole community approach relies on participation from all levels of government, community business, non-governmental organizations, and individual preparedness. This approach allows the community to strengthen their assets, capacities, and interests. Each of the system’s principle members has individual importance and relational value. Together, they are building blocks that form the infrastructure upon which each community's individualized system of emergency response is built. For the …show more content…

With in the agency the state emergency manager works closely with the governor and local jurisdictions’ and their emergency managers to ensure resources are being utilized effectively. Should an emergency exceed the resources of the local jurisdictions and those of the state the state emergency manager would advise the governor to request federal assistance. The Stafford Act provides the legal means by which the Federal Government can provide financial and physical assistance at the result of a Presidential disaster declaration. Under the Stafford Act the President can declare an event an emergency or a major disaster depending on the severity of the event. Assistance is provided regardless of the type of declaration. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for overseeing the financial and physical

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During an emergency the PCA is in acted by the to assist a state during an emergency. For example, during the Katrina disaster President Bush ordered 7000 active-duty military

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It begins by addressing who the local lead agency is, along with support agencies. Listing local, county, state and federal level agencies with response and recovery responsibilities. How the state describes the lead and support Emergency Support Functions (ESFs). Lastly it explains some major response challenges and whether to evacuate or shelter those affected in place.

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Our system of federalism is written into our Constitution with the forethought that our government would be built on the idea that no single part of government would have all the power. Therefore, it created a system with checks and balances that monitor the separate parts of the administration. This separation of power is also built into our states and local governments. Seemingly, the Stafford Act illustrates these same ideas through each level of government and how they should act in an emergency or a major disaster to save lives and protect property.

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FEMA is a United States Federal Agency, and part of the office of Homeland Security. They have a focus on serving the USA and its territories. They do this with a system that divides the country into 10 regions. I found this method to broad to effectively serve the various citizenship. With distance there is bound to be some disconnect.

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Introduction The American government is not the only important contributor to emergency management. This is because the American government is not the only influence on its citizens. Throughout or history private citizens and organizations have been a driving force in preparing for, and responding to emergencies of every type. There have been many examples of private-public partnerships, but the Federal Reserve and the War Industries Board are worth examining.

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Homework 7 Gaven D. Crosby Pennsylvania College of Technology Homework 7 This paper will discuss the way that the Mississippi River, and the New Deal have affected emergency management. The Mississippi River is a river that floods quite often, almost every year. The lower portion floods more than the upper portions, and affects more people. This is due to the terrain of the areas surrounding the lower Mississippi.

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Introduction This informational interview was conducted with Dr. Pamela Aaltonen, a Homeland Security instructor at Purdue University, and active member at the Tippecanoe Board of Health. Her role here is to frame issues in the concept of Homeland security and emergency management. Dr. Aaltonen holds a key role in Homeland Security, as many disasters contain human health issues, such as mass causalities, pandemic outbreaks, and sanitary issues following natural disasters. Dr. Aaltonen’s flavor of Homeland Security differs from the work that I normally see, but as displayed during the interview, Homeland Security is a multi-disciplinary field that requires cooperation across all fields.

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In my opinion a president should be expected to prepare, provide, and respond to all citizens/situations during a natural disaster. Disasters already leave citizens distressed so, we need someone who will respond to these situations as soon as they occur. In my opinion a president is obligated to not only protect the country, but to also to seek help to all citizens in need. In the II Article of the Constitution it is said that the president is commander and chief of the armed forces and, with the consent of the Senate, appoints judges and other federal officers and makes treaties of other nations (Heritage 1). Therefore, the president has the power to seek help for these citizens and should.

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The Federal Emergency Relief Act provided state assistance for the unemployed and their families. Rather than having large numbers of workers on the dole, Roosevelt believed in payment for the work performed to help maintain morale of recipients. This program, while being more costly, did provide work for 20 million people. Roosevelt knew that most of the government 's relief efforts got canned due to the fact that they got held up by politics.

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The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) works to improve policies for, among other concerns, natural disasters, through services and agencies such as the National Weather Service (NWS) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to improve public awareness/safety and provide funding/supplies, should a Federal State of Emergency be declared. (https://www.dhs.gov/) The DHS is responsible for coordinating, developing, and implementing plans for the national preparedness goals and the national preparedness system. They also provide a deadline for development and implementation plans to take place. (3/30/11 PPD 8; Presidential Policy Directive for National Preparedness)

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FEMA supports state and local governments during the disasters in a number of ways. The video states that they provide urban search and rescue teams to help people get out of their flooded houses. They provide logistical support, getting commodities like food and water where it needs to go. FEMA also supports with money, “they provide money to help in rebuild local infrastructure and give money to help citizens get back on their feet and get their homes. ”(U.S. GAO, 2017).

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FEMA’s mission and priorities were changed so that, “terrorism prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery became central to the emergency management mission” (Haddow 325). As a result of the terrorist attacks on 9/11 the country’s focus shifted completely from natural disasters to an outright major assault on all things terrorism with no second glance at the potential emergency’s natural disasters presented. There might be a possibility that because of the nation’s extreme obsession with terrorists and terrorism that Hurricane Katrina was not given full priority nor given as much thought as it should have been because the whole focus of the government was on terrorism. When an agency and governmental structure, such as the defense agencies, undergoes an extreme shift within the course of a few years brought on so suddenly, there are bound to be weaknesses. Hurricane Katrina was the most challenging threat that tested the DHS as well as FEMA’s preparation and mitigation of natural disasters since the shift of focus.

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USERRA applies to voluntary as well as involuntary military service, in peacetime as well as wartime. However, like the VRR law, USERRA does not apply to state call-ups of the National Guard for disaster relief, riots, etc. The governor of each state can call the state 's Army and Air National Guard units to active duty to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as those caused by hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes. If additional help is needed, a governor can request federal assistance through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). With a presidential declaration of disaster, FEMA 's federal assistance can include additional military support from DOD (both active duty and reserve forces).

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Though the community only has a small effect on the overall picture, they are the most vulnerable to all disasters and threats. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the community to prepare one another and assess the potential risks and hazards within their community in addition to what steps are needed to address the issues. It is this preemptive response and planning, especially in locations with historically reoccurring hazards that reduce the disaster effects and overall cost. This community-based effort conducted by community groups has the, “potential to make a significant and long-lasting contributions to reducing local vulnerability and strengthening adaptive capacities” (Allen, 2006, p. 97). One example of a community-organized group is Community Emergency Response Teams or CERT.

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There are linkages between social deficits and vulnerabilities in support of strong indications between high social vulnerability traits and low community resiliency traits. This relationship should include consideration of systematic design and management of policies and procedure processes including resiliency planning to decrease disaster vulnerability while increasing resiliency during the process (Bergstrand, Mayer, Brumback, & Zhang, 2015). Consequently, the further established vulnerability planning and risk assessments, the more of a comprehensive span of resiliency preparedness

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