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Segregation in the usa 1950-60
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Oklahoma has done many things for the civil rights movement in the way of lawsuits, peaceful protests, and public servants’ work. It is surprising and refreshing to think that a state that was so segregated and generally backward on issues relating to race could have so many advocates for civil rights. This is probably due to people feeling that they needed to rise to the occasion and fix these injustices in their state. In the late days of segregation, the NAACP was of increasing prominence and as a result, it was able to launch several incredibly successful and revolutionary lawsuits.
The late 1950’s through the early 1960’s saw much change in government policies in regard to segregation. We grew as a nation it was necessary to bring an end to legal segregation. 1952 brought us a new President in Eisenhower who succeeded President Truman. His leadership style of governing was generally moderate and he believed in less government involvement in people’s lives domestically. He resisted the expansion of the Federal Government’s power, and he was very standoffish when the Supreme Court ordered school segregation.
One of the most famous lines of the Declaration of Independence is that “all men are created equal…”, yet American society does not always treat people as though they are all equal. America’s roots come from the fight against oppression, yet as our country continued to grow we became the oppressors. Although America has tried to write some of its wrongs from the past there are still traces left behind. The effects of segregational laws and sketchy housing practices have carried on to hurt minorities in America. Segregational laws have been eradicated, but the societal sigmas created from the laws continue and have created a process of De Facto segregation in American society against all minorities.
Schools were focused on keeping others out they did not see what they were doing wrong. The Topeka school had been breaking the 14th Amendment. “ Brown claimed that schools for black children or not equal to white schools, and the segregation violated the so-called equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment, which holds that no state can deny to any person within the jurisdiction the equal protection laws” (Brown 2). Not only were Topeka schools break the law but schools all across the country did. Black children were not equal with white children and was not able to go to the same school even though you are not supposed to separate someone based on their race.
Segregation in the south was at its highest in the 1920s. Segregation laws legally prevented any contact between white and black people in public areas for example, public transportation. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, or the NAACP, was established in 1909 and is the oldest and largest organization for civil rights in America today. During the 1920s, the NAACP made great strides in the fight for equality; this organization was a vital part of the movement to abolish segregation. Segregation also extended to other public areas such as restaurants, medical centers(hospitals), government buildings, entertainment centers,etc.
The story takes place in Jackson, Mississippi during the 1960s. The story took place during the Era of the Civil Rights Movement. Thus, the story took place where segregation was prominent in the United States. The story showed how whites and blacks only interacted in the form of servitude. It also showed how they could act towards each other in society.
During, the 1920s the idea of segregation and discrimination was applied to separate African Americans and Mexican Americans from whites in Texas. Due, to the progressive era, a lot of conflicts arose, as well as anti groups and racial attitudes such as the Ku Klux Klan, that supported segregation of African Americans, arrived in Texas during the 1820s. Since then, Americans began extending this idea and principle not only towards African Americans but also towards the Mexican Americans. After the Civil War, segregation developed as a method of group control where both minority groups were separated from one another in most public areas, such as schools, churches, residential districts, and other public areas including restaurants and barber
Starting in the late 1800’s African Americans would come to Oklahoma and Indian Territory to escape discrimination and Jim Crow Law, or law persecuting African Americans. Oklahoma had no laws discriminating against them, but in 1907 when Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory would combine because of the Enabling Act of 1906 they would become a state and that would change. Charles Haskell first law he would pass, Senate Bill #1, would be a Jim Crow Law requiring the segregation of train cars and stations. After this law many more would be passed such as: Segregating schools, restaurants, neighborhoods, water fountains, and other public facilities. Although, Oklahoma is not in the Deep South, Oklahomans helped contribute to the civil rights
The segregation of schools based on a students skin color was in place until 1954. On May 17th of that year, during the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education, it was declared that separate public schools for black and white students was unconstitutional. However, before this, the segregation of schools was a common practice throughout the country. In the 1950s there were many differences in the way that black public schools and white public schools were treated with very few similarities. The differences between the black and white schools encouraged racism which made the amount of discrimination against blacks even greater.
• Segregation is challenged o One organization that took action was known as the NAACP, in which their main focus was upon the segregation within the school systems in many states. This organization was led by law professor Charles Houston, who placed his top students under guidance of Thurgood Marshall. Under Marshall, almost all court cases taken to the Supreme Court were won, which would slowly bring reform and chip away at the Jim Crow Laws. o Out of all the court cases won, the most impactful one would have to be Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka which took place on May 17, 1954.
Brown Did Not Help the Economic Problems of African Americans Justice Earl Warren fought tirelessly to have a unanimous Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education. The justices knew this would be a landmark case (Urofsky, Seminar). While Brown was a step in the right direction, not only did it not solve the problem of school segregation, but it did not solve the root of the Jim Crow laws. By ruling on segregation specifically in education and not addressing the economic issues that plagued African Americans, Brown did not have the positive effect on race relations in the south that it could have. Brown did not solve the problem of school segregation.
Whenever the Supreme Court made the ruling that all schools must integrate, the south retaliated. Instead of cooperating, whites sent their children to all white schools to show their disapproval. This banned blacks from being able to integrate with all the white kids. In addition, the "segregation academies" were very different than the public schools that the blacks went to. This was even more unfair to everyone.
After the abolishment of slavery, African Americans became free but had some rights. Racial inequality did still exist but derived by a system called "racial segregation". The whole purpose of racial segregation is the production of Caucasian Americans to keep African Americans in an adjuvant position by contradicting them equal such as ; denying the access to use public facilities and ensuring that both races live apart from one another. In late 1880 to the early 1890s, the civil rights enact segregation law was passed. Many states in south and north in the United States adopted the new law .
It started in the 1960s, Birmingham became one of the most racist cities in America, where segregation was used in law of justice and cultural ethics. Most of the African American faced legal and financial inequality, and violent riots when they attempted to take their problems to court. Birmingham protests began with a boycott against Shuttlesworth and to pressure their business leaders to have an open employment to all races of people. This also meant that they should end segregation on public facilities, restaurants, schools, and stores so that all races become equal. When local business owners and government leaders ignored the boycott, and this is when the SCLC agreed to end segregation.
African Americans have been below the white class for a very long time. Although slavery had ceased for over a century, blacks were still treated like they were in servitude, being seized of their profits, and being subject to sharecropping. Many of the victims families still suffer from the problems of the past, and find themselves at the bottom, where there ancestors lied. Blacks today may even be segregated more financially than they were racially a few decades ago. Giving reparations to the victims wouldn’t make all their problems disappear, but it would help many get closure for their ancestor’s involuntary services.
