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The Romantic Period: Late 1800s To Early 1900s

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Romantic Nationalism

a) Summary
The Romantic Period: 1827-1900
Romantic Nationalism: late 1800s to early 1900s
Origin of Romantic Nationalism
Nationalism appeared in the early 19th century when political independence movements arose. There are multiple versions of the point of origin of romantic nationalism. One view says that it began when people fought to free themselves from Napoleon. During that time, Poland was struggling for freedom from Czarist Russia which inspired Frédéric Chopin to produce nationalist spirits in his piano works. Also, Italy's aspiration to be independent from Austria was expressed through the operas of Giuseppe Verdi.
Russia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Scandinavia, Romania, Spain, UK, Latin America and the United States …show more content…

One of the ways that Romantic composers used to show their nationalism is writing their music based on dances and songs of their people, like Chopin’s mazurkas and polonaises. Other dramatic works are based on peasant life and folklore. Nationalism is seen through symphonic operas and poems which presented the national heroes, history and scenery as well. (G,A)
Folklore and Nationalism
Romantic nationalism took in many forms, including folklore and written works. Folklore often inspired Romantic nationalism composers. Folklore goes beyond national boundaries and is often used by composers from other countries. (G)
b) New Terms
Romantic Nationalism: the form of nationalism in which the state develops its civic authority as an organic result of the integrity of those it governs; also known as national romanticism, organic nationalism, and identity nationalism.
Musical Nationalism: a musical movement that started in the 19th century and was characterized by the attention on national elements in music, including the national history and life.
Mazurka: Polish traditional dance, marked by a circle of couples stamping feet and clicking heels, and is originally accompanied by bagpipes
Polonaise: formal ceremonial dance which is popular from the 17th to 19th century in court …show more content…

d) Listening Example
Smetana -- The Moldau http://tdsb.naxosmusiclibrary.com/stream.asp?s=131098%2Ftdsbnmlpaid01%2Fd09366%5F02 i) Composer: Bedřich Smetana
Bedřich Smetana (1824-1884) achieved international prominence in his music as the first Bohemian composer.
In his teens, he attended a school in Prague. The city's cultural life inspired his love for music. Smetana stood out against a background of political agitation. Young Smetana joined the patriotic cause against Austrian rule in 1848, but the revolution was crushed. Several years later, he resumed his music career and wrote operas for the National Theater that includes the most famous "Bartered Bride".
Smetana's highest achievement in orchestral music is represented by The Moldau. It is one of the six programmatic poems in My Country, which was inspired by the beauty of Bohemia’s countryside. Smetana was growing deaf when he was composing the cycle.
Instrumentation: Symphony Orchestra
Performers: Detroit Symphony Orchestra
Title: Má vlast (My Country): No. 2. Vltava (Moldau)

ii) Features:
Scenes along the river Moldau are marked by music elements. Each instrumentation represents a different scene. For instance, flutes representing the bubbling spring; horns marking the hunt; double reeds for nymphs in moonlight; staccato symboling peasant

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