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Environmental Effects On Prenatal Development

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Birth, of course, does not mark the beginning of human development; rather, development begins at conception. Once the fertilized egg is produced, there are many events and hazards that can influence how it develops and becomes a person. During the nine months of prenatal development is critical in determining the health and optimal structure of a newborn. (Lazinski, 2008). Can be tested through ultrasound sonography, fetal MRI, chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis and blood screening. While harmful substances that affect the development of the fetus include caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, drugs, X-ray radiation, diseases, and emotional state of the mother. This research compares the effects of these hazards on prenatal development as related to the textbook. …show more content…

(Nelson, 2012) After the conception of the egg the first three months are vital to prenatal development, as organogenesis and development of the organs take place, the environmental influences are highly sensitive. Teratogens can do more damage during the formation of the fetus during this time and cause a threat from developing fully. Prenatal testings is useful in making sure whether the fetus is developing normally, as the baby is entirely dependent on the mother’s health for survival. Baby 's sex can be determined in as little as seven weeks into pregnancy and is able to smile, frown, suck and swallow in just the first trimester (first 3 months) of

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Unit 2 Discussion: Prenatal Development Readings: Chapter 3 and 4 A teratogen is any exposure in the environment such as drugs, illnesses, alcohol that can cause substantial harm to an unborn or breastfeeding baby. There are some teratogens that even if the mother was exposed to or poisoned at one point before getting pregnant can still cause harm to the unborn baby even if she is no longer exposed. Lead can be considered a teratogen as it is a toxic metal and can cause harm during the embryonic period.

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Throughout Chapter Nine of The Chosen, Chaim Potok demonstrates Reuven’s growth as a character, utilizes symbolism to show the struggles Reuven went through, and reveals how important it is to appreciate things you may take for granted, or even hate, such as Reuven’s exams. Potok exhibits Reuven’s growth as a character using the phone call with Billy’s father. On the call, he learns that Billy’s surgery was not successful, which shook him almost enough to make him drop the phone. This exposes how close he grew to Billy in his short stint in the hospital with him. We as people tend to form greater bonds with others when we go through highs and lows together, as Reuven and Billy did.

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The DES poisoning represents genuine threats to the body while a child is in the utero. Jane displays her own infertility to the regular practices of recommending DES to women who were at risk of having an unsuccessful labor. Jane’s mother had four miscarriages before Jane was conceived, and to anticipate another miscarriage, she was prescribed to DES. Because of the negative consequences on the reproductive system caused by DES, Jane’s mother had her ovaries removed. The side-effects of DES and its multigenerational impact caused Jane to develop a deformed uterus.

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“Prenatal exposure can affect the adolescent pretty significantly,” said Dr. Lauren M. Jansson, the director of pediatrics at the Center for Addiction and Pregnancy at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. In male fetuses who were exposed, for instance, researchers have noted abnormal function of the amygdala, the part of the brain that regulates emotion.” Catherine gives us the point of view of experts in the field and high ranked schools to support her issue. By using information, it lets the reader know that this is real and

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In chapter 2, Berger talks about how crucial the ninth week until birth is for a fetus. The reason this time frame is so crucial is because everything is still growing and starting to work together. This stage is where the brain really increases in size, and the body functions are starting to work together. If a baby were born at this stage the organs may not be fully developed and/or they may not be functioning together properly, and if the organs don’t function properly together the chance of survival is very unlikely. It is said that once you hit week 22 of pregnancy, it would be possible to save the baby if it were born.

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1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth - 19 years. UNBORN BABIES TO ONE MONTH Most babies are born around the fortieth week of pregnancy. Babies who are born more than three weeks early are classed as premature. Babies that are born early are more likely to need a little more time to develop than those born nearer the fortieth week.

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Thomson continues her argument by saying that we cannot deny that the fetus eventually becomes a human. Around 10 weeks, she says, is when the fetus starts to develop arms, legs, face, toes, etc. But when talking about a newly fertilized egg, which is a big clump of cells, she says is comparable to an acorn on a tree. With that being

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The effects these babies have to suffer through can follow them throughout their lives. There is a series of substances a baby can be born addicted to, such as heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, and cocaine. Mothers who abuse legal/illegal substances run the risk of giving birth to babies born with addictions that can lead to Fetal Abstinence Syndrome, and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the pattern of physical, developmental, and functional problems in infants during pregnancy caused by alcohol. Each year in the U.S., 1 out of 750 infants is born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

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Consumptions of large amount of alcohol during pregnancy can lead to a Fetal alcohol syndrome or (FAS). Fetal alcohol syndrome is the most common known non-genetic (non-inherited) cause of mental retardation in the United States which is estimated three out of a thousand babies. Defects can be small heads and brain, facial abnormalities, and defects of other organs. When mother drinks alcohol while pregnant the alcohol goes through the fetus body which can cause the alcohol to remain in the baby’s body even longer. When mother is an alcoholic or drinks alcohol three to four times a day the baby that she is carrying can also be addicted to alcohol.

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In current years the public has been made aware of a syndrome called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. The syndrome has been publicized for many reasons including the fact that it is a completely avoidable syndrome based on the pregnant mother’s behaviors. The syndrome causes disabilities for the children, and is a life-long syndrome that cannot be reversed once it is achieved. In a report, Substance Abuse and the American Woman, sent out by the Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, at least one of every five pregnant women uses alcohol and/or other drugs during pregnancy (NOFAS).

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In addition, experts have claimed that toxic stress in early childhood is detrimental to the childhood’s lifelong development. Since

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In Judith Butler’s essay “Imitation and Gender Insubordination”, the exploration of sexuality and identity. The various labels and categories of identity produces barrier that can make it difficult for people to find their place in society. Throughout the duration of this essay, Butler makes a conscious decision to always present the pros and cons of self-identifying as lesbian or gay. She also always bring awareness to the effects that those particular self-identification tags can possibly have on a person life. The crux of Butter’s essay is to bring awareness to the suppression of gender roles and shift within society that would create a less homophobic demographic.

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1101 Words | 5 Pages

During the second trimester or four to six months, the heart rate gets stronger and other body systems are further developed. Nails, hair, eyelashes and footprints. Perhaps the most obvious size of the fetus is dramatically increasing and is about six times higher. While providing uterine protection, the fetus is indirectly connected to the outside world through the mother. Many mother-related factors can harm the fetus: poor nutrition, alcohol use, smoking, the use of some prescription or over-the-counter drugs, the use of recreational drugs such as cocaine, sedatives and drugs, X-rays and other types of radiation.

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Physiologically changes and preparation for the birthing process are key components of prenatal care as well. For mothers to have a healthy pregnancy, they need to be educated on the changes so that they are accepted. Women need to be taught that during pregnancy mothers are susceptible for more diseases and health issues due to physiological changes made to the body. Such as signs and symptoms of preeclampsia which is high blood pressure protein in the urine after the 20th week. This is a result of the placenta not functioning properly, poor nutrition, high body fat, or insufficient blood flow to the uterus.

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“Beginning development of the brain, spinal cord, heart, and gastrointestinal tract stats by week 3 [...] By week 8, everything that is present in an adult human is now present in the small embryo.” (American Pregnancy Association) The heart of the fetus starts beating very early in the pregnancy. “An embryo 's heart begins to beat around the eighteenth to twenty-fourth day after conception.”

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