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The Transtheoretical Model

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The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is a process-oriented stage model that examines a person’s readiness for behaviour change, which was developed through observing behaviours in smoke cessation and analysing various major therapy systems (Prochaska & Di Clemente, 1982). This model consists of four main components, namely: stages of change, process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy (Prochaska & Di Clemente, 1982). Within the stages of change component, Prochaska and Di Clemente (1982) distinguished five stages: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. Ideally, individuals are able to match their current behaviours to one of these stages, then work through them using strategies embedded in the process …show more content…

Its stage-specific structure, a strong aspect of the model, allowed customised interventions for individuals by matching their current demands to the most appropriate sets of strategies to bring about change in behaviours. However, the same stage-specific structure of TTM also appeared to be a weakness when its rigidity excluded many potential clients at baseline for participating in the various TTM-based interventions conducted. Furthermore, the structure restricted the treatment progression in a linear fashion, which possibly overlooking any minute achievements at the personal level. The second strength and weakness were in term of the model’s functionality. TTM was shown evidently versatile as it could be effectively applied to changing behaviours in populations bearing various characteristics without having regular clinical supervisions and could even be used in psychotherapies. Even so, the model’s functions were found to be limited as its optimal effectiveness is dependent on the individual’s degree of readiness for actions driven by positive expectations, which is largely absent in most people at baseline. This has sparked debates on whether TTM is able to maintain the long-term success of behaviour change and raised doubts on the functions of the ‘maintenance’ and ‘termination’ stages. This essay has given a balanced view on the strengths and weaknesses of TTM but most evidences targeted on only one construct (stages of change) of the model hence future research should focus on exploring the other three constructs in order to understand the full potential of this

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Mom’s Quit Connection (MQC) is a program for pregnant mothers and new mothers who want to stop smoking. MQC is part of Southern New Jersey Perinatal Cooperative and is funded by the NJ Department of Health and Senior Services. MQC is a free smoke-free program that helps moms or future moms by providing face-to-face counseling or assistance by phone. In other to be part of the program the participants do not have to be ready to quit smoking, which is strength of the program and an example of social cognitive theory. For example, when the participants enter the program they might not be ready to stop smoking, but providing access to mothers who are not ready to quit smoking is a way of using reciprocal determinism, which is the concept that

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During the 2016 presidential election, there were many mixed emotions; some individuals were angry, sad, frustrated, scared, anxious etc., the primary goals of the candidates Hilary Clinton and Donald Trump was to win. Both candidates had speeches and campaigns in order to convince and change the feelings of the people on why they should be the next president. The primary goal of the candidates is to change the thoughts and feelings of a certain issue in order for the candidate to win. A similar concept can be applied in Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The primary goal of CBT is to change the behavior and thoughts of the client (Corey, 2015, P. 270).

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While this model focuses on the intervention of client-based determined goals and addresses denial/resistance, its philosophy promotes positive effects, helping clients to build on their own capacity and

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The Transtheoretical Model is a model of intentional behavior change that provides a large volume of research and services in the field of problem behaviors. This model describes the relationships among: stages of change; processes of change; decisional balance, or the pros and cons of change; situational confidence, or self-efficacy in the behavior change; and situational temptations to relapse. (Prochaska et al., 2008). This model has some advantages over the other models.

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According to (Claire Andre, Manuel Velasquez, and Tim Mazur) alcohol abuse is the most costly habit in the United States. Alcohol cost the health care system an estimated $85.8 billion in recent years. Alcohol is recorded as one of the deadliest and the most costly habit the United State has. The money that is being spend on disease and treatment can be used for education into the effect that smoking have on our family, community, children and preventive measures. Unhealthy behaviors and habits due to alcohol, leads to others paying a higher cost to cover things like; higher insurance premiums, more government debts, and more disability are being pay out due to individual illnesses.

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5. What stage of the Behavior Change are you presently in? I still consider myself to be in the action stage. I am trying to lose one pound every week even though I feel like every week it seems to get harder and harder to lose one pound. Regardless of how hard losing a pound may be, I am still going to be persistent and keep trying to reach my

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Introduction Throughout the treatment process, it is vitally important that the therapist work with the client on the reassessment of treatment goals. There are numerous reasons for reassessment to occur; the chief reason is that client’s needs continuously change. The goal, objective, situation, all could have changed drastically since the start. For instance, if the client was hospitalized within the year, reassessment to examine what the effect that situation caused and the clients functioning, is needed. There may be new problems, new goals, or new interventions needed.

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The Expectancy Theory states that as we predict likely futures we also tend to have expectations about the outcomes. If things are seemingly good, we believe we can ‘make a difference’ and have the motivation to do actions to

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These processes are categorized as either experiential or behavioral. Experiential techniques include consciousness raising, self-reevaluation, and emotional arousal, which focus on changing individuals' thoughts and feelings about the behavior (Naz & Ghasemi, 2018). In contrast, behavioral processes include self-liberation, helping relationships, and reinforcement management, which focus on changing individuals' actions and behaviors related to the behavior change. TTM effectively predicts and facilitates behavior change by understanding the stages and processes of change. Interventions can be personalized to the individual's willingness for change, increasing the likelihood of sustained behavior

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The biological approach has been effectively practising and treating mental disorders . Drugs therapy has been very popular among the patients and has enabled patients with mental illness to live a reasonably normal life, anti depressant and antipsychotic medications (Tablets) are popular among the patients. Behavioural approach focuses on the behaviour and looks to eliminate unwanted or maladaptive behaviour such as addictions, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) as they believe the behaviour is learned and can be un-learned via different therapy( Counselling- directory.org.uk, 2017).. Desensitisation and reinforcement technique are popular therapy. Similarly, psychodynamic therapist uses the talking therapy (counselling) to treat people with mental illness, they listen to the patient’s feelings and talk about what had happened in their early life and try to resolve the problem they had.

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The overall goal of this therapy form is to change a persons way of thinking. It just like the conditioning experiments done by Pavlov and Skinner. If the person is exhibiting the wrong behaviors or thinking , than you try to change their thinking/behaviors into the correct behaviors. Starting as children we are forming our personalities thoughts and behaviors. We get older and some behaviors are automatic and this therapy helps us understand the reasoning behind the way we act and how to look past the automatic response.

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Proficient use of skills and techniques, leads to the achieving of one’s ultimate goal. The objective with effective therapy is that you are equipped to generalise skills and coping strategies to a variety of events and circumstances. Clients are thus equipped with strategies for relapse prevention, resulting in long-term

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