The Victorian era was a period in English history during which Queen Victoria reigned, that is from 1837 to 1901. The period was characterized mostly by peace and prosperity, rapid changes in nearly every sphere of life, industry and trade blossomed, especially machinery and textile while medicine, science and technologies advanced much. Equally, technology was in rapid growth; railway continued to develop while British steamship builders dominated world market. The middle class had more money and could improve its standard of life. More importantly, the population grew due to higher fertility rates and lower mortality ones. Additionally, the period witnessed a remarkable progress in literature and art. All in all, Britain became world 's most powerful trading nation and the largest imperial power in the world; more than a quarter of world¬’s population was ruled from The United Kingdom while the Empire was extended to more than 14 million square miles. However, not everything flourished; the Victorian Era was an era of huge contrasts, people enjoyed opulence and wealth, but penury and poverty were the other side of the coin. Both these extremes were equally normal and usual.
England was transforming, from an agrarian to an industrialised nation. As a result, people were flocking from the country to the towns in the hope of finding work in new factories. Subsequently a large number of workers in need of a job led to a decline in wages. Sadly, even children were not