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The Youth Justice System

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Cover page Introduction to area of speech pathology practice to be covered in professional resource In Australia, the youth justice system deals with young people, aged 10-17, who have committed, or allegedly committed a crime. The youth justice system is made up of police, courts and supervision (custodial or community-based) (gov website). The high prevalence of communication impairments within youth justice settings necessitates the need for speech pathology intervention with this population. This background statement will outline the role of speech pathology in working with vulnerable populations in schools and youth justice settings. Target audience for professional resource A professional development package is will be developed for …show more content…

Statistics indicate that around 50 % of young offenders have clinically significant, yet previously unidentified language impairment (Snow & Powell ....) Difficulties with receptive, expressive and pragmatic language skills can hinder a person 's ability fairly access the justice system, whether as a witness, victim or defendant. Snow & Powell (2002) stated that young offenders are at high risk of having difficulties with; auditory processing, manipulating and understanding abstract linguistic concepts (figurative language, metaphor ambiguities) and difficulty with using story grammar (a universal structure for relaying information in a logical sequential manner) to generate a simple narrative. The above-listed skills are important for participating in processes of the justice system, for example, "reporting a crime to police, making a formal statement, providing testimony in court, or simply interacting with police, court officials and lawyers" (SPA, 2013). However, unless a severe deficit is evident it is often assumed that individuals have sufficient communicative ability to adequately navigate the youth justice system as communication disabilities may not be obvious, and are often interpreted to be behavioural issues (e.g., non-compliance), poor intelligence, mental health, or learning difficulties (SPA, 2013) The above information necessitates the need for speech pathology …show more content…

SPA advocated for the employment of speech pathologists within criminal justice settings to provide screening, assessment and communication support for individuals with language impairments. Furthermore, SPA recommended that staff working in criminal justice settings, including, police and lawyers should be trained to identify communication difficulties and communication strategies that can be used depending on the language ability of the suspect, victim or witness. SPA asserted the importance of ensuring that information is accessible, for example through the use of easy English; and pictorial resources to aid receptive and expressive

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There are differences between a juvenile court and criminal court in the United States. The focus of the juvenile justice system is on rehabilitation, in hope of deterring the minor away from a life of crime so they will not commit a crime again as an adult. In contrast, the criminal justice system focuses on the punishment and often bases the sentencing outcome on the criminal history of the youth. In a study conducted, Butler (2011) showed that the participants’ experience with adult jails and prisons show that those facilities may instill fear but are otherwise emotionally—and often physically—dangerous for youth. Many of the adult prisoners, who were minors when they enter the adult institution, felt they were forced to “grow

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About eighteen percent of youth referred to the juvenile court are held in detention, awaiting the outcome of their cases. Juveniles charged with drug or personal crimes are mostly likely to be charged With public order and property crimes less likely to get detention. Just as the use of detention has dramatically increased over time, informal adjustment of cases has declined over time, and formal hearings now account for the process in more than half of all juvenile cases. These two trends show the increasing formality of juvenile justice system in response. In cases where a petition has been filed, youth progress to the adjudicatory stage(equivalent to the criminal trial).If a youth is found guilty or plead guilty , he or she is adjudicated to felonious, or adjudication may be withheld contingent upon the youth completion of some program or sanction.

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