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Piaget's Stages Of Cognitive Development Essay

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Theoretical Perspectives

The way in which settings plan and support children’s development in play is influenced by a range of theoretical perspectives.

Cognitive Theory

In 1936 Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development and suggested that children move through four different stages of mental development. The theory emphases how children acquire knowledge and focuses on understanding the nature of intelligence in children. Piaget believed that children take an active role in their learning process and develop through making their own experiments, observations, and learning about the world. (https://www.verywell.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457)

Piaget's four stages of intellectual (or cognitive) development …show more content…

This important milestone is a sign that their memory is developing. Once babies start being physically mobile this in turn aids their cognitive development. Once babies reach the end of the sensorimotor stage (18-24 months) they start to develop language skills which is a sign that they are developing some symbolic abilities. (https://www.webmd.com/children/piaget-stages-of-development#1)

Preoperational (toddlerhood, 18-24 months through early childhood, age 7)

From being toddlers through to age 7 young children are able to think about things symbolically and their language vocabulary becomes more and more mature. During this age children also develop memory and imagination and an ability to understand the difference between past and future and participate in make-believe.

However children’s thinking is still developing and still not completely logical and they find it difficult to understand more complex concepts such as cause and effect, time, and comparison. (https://www.webmd.com/children/piaget-stages-of-development#1)

Concrete operational (ages 7 to …show more content…

Bandura (1977) states: "Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behaviour is learned observationally through modelling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviours are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action."

Social learning theory explains human behaviour in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioural, an environmental influences. The component processes underlying observational learning are:
Step 1:

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Even in childhood, we can see that a child in toddlerhood has different capacities of those in middle childhood. Cognitive development is one psychological form that allows us to study these differences. One approach in particular, Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, is particularly useful in studying the differences between stages in childhood (Wadsworth 5). Jean Piaget is considered one of the most important researchers regarding children’s intellectual understanding and his studies are still incorporated in research and books today. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development begins with infants and toddlers between ages 0-2.

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This stage examines the relationship between sensation and motor behavior. Next, the preoperational stage lasting from four to seven years old; this stage entails symbolizing objects, and representing objects through speech. Moreover, the concrete stage occurs from seven to eleven years old. The concrete stage develops mastery of logical and rational thinking.

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Piaget’s theory of cognitive development Piaget asserts, children are born with inherited scripts, called schema, these schema are building blocks for cognitive development. As a child grows, he acquires more of these building blocks; moreover, these building blocks become more complex as the child progresses through different stages in development (Huitt, Hummel 2003). Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development are as follows. First, The sensorimotor stage where an infant has rudimentary motor skills, and can eventually

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The four stages: Piaget’s theory of cognitive development advances from an understanding that there are a series of stages which children are specific to. The four stages are: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational, the four stages are divided up into age brackets that are birth to two-year-old, two to seven years old, seven to eleven years old and twelve and up. Each stage has a set of skills that children will acquire as they progress in age and cognitive ability and development As a future early primary teacher, I focused primarily on sensorimotor and preoperational as early education ranges from birth until six, meaning that the age bracket branches over two stages. The sensorimotor is from birth until two years old and is based on children learning, growing and developing based on understanding an influence from the world around them, this time is considered a time of tremendous grow and change.

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Piaget developed a stage theory of intellectual development that included four distinct stages: the sensorimotor stage, from birth to age 2; the preoperational stage, from age 2 to about age 7; the concrete operational stage, from age 7 to 11; and the formal operational stage, which begins in adolescence and spans into adulthood. He believed that there were four necessary ingredients for cognitive development which included: “maturation of the nervous system, experiences gained through interaction with physical world, social environment, and child’s active participation in adapting to environment & constructing knowledge from experience.” (Sullivan, 2014, Slide 3) The sensorimotor stage occurs between birth and age 2. Infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and handling objects.

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