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Adult Learning And Andragogy Analysis

1160 Words5 Pages

Learning is the act of acquiring, or modifying and reinforcing, existing knowledge, values, skills, or preferences through experience, instruction or study. Learning is integral in work, and work is integral in learning. The Theory of Adult Learning or Andragogy was initially introduced by German educator, Alexander Kapp in 1833. It was popularized in 1970 by Malcolm S Knowles, father of adult education. He introduced the art and science of helping adults learn to practioners. (Knowles 1973). Many foundations for learning organizations, the desirability of encouraging informal learning owe much to the Knowles theory of adult learning. The attributes that define his theory include: acknowledging that adults are self-directed learners and autonomous …show more content…

In the Modern Practice of Adult Education: Andragogy vs. Pedagogy (1970) Knowles presented five basic assumptions about adult learners namely:
1. Adult Self-concept- When adults discover that they are capable of self-direction in learning, they often experience an increase of motivation to learn and a strong desire to continue the process of learning. Knowles (1975) contributed to the self-directed learning literature by explaining the concept and defining how to instrument it through learning contracts.
2. Role of Experience in Adults – Experience provides a rich resource of learning in adult learning (Sommers 1989).The importance of experience in adult learning has been emphasized in andragogy literature. Learning is a continuous process where learners are trying to understand and apply their experiences in daily …show more content…

They also learn from their past experiences that forms as a knowledge base from which they draw learning concepts (Sommers 1989). They require reinforcement to be a part of the learning process so as to correct mistakes in their performance. Hanson (1996) argued that the difference in learning is related to individual characteristics and differs in context, culture and power but not related to the age and stage of one's life.

Future of Andragogy
Malcom Knowles pioneered the adult learning theory but much more can be looked upon based on the various factors that affect it. Keeping Knowles theory of andragogy in mind, further studies can be done to go beyond his version and include broader perspectives in the field. Continuous research will help to know more about how adults can be engaged in learning and best methodologies to teach adults can be arrived

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The five assumptions of adult learners as identified by Knowles (1980, 1984) include: self concept, adult learner experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation to learn (Pappas, 2013). Additionally, adult learners have defined learning characteristics. According to Adams (n.d.), these characteristics usually lead to the need for adults to "focus more on the process and less on the content being taught" (para. 5). As all of the nursing students enrolled in the course are adult learners, nurse educators will need to ensure that they deliver content in a manner that is conducive for these students to learn. Refer to Figure 1 for a graphic of Knowles (1984) five

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