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A Summary Of Self Esteem

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Leary and Tangney (2012) stated that “identities are the traits and characteristics, social relations, roles and social group memberships that define who one is”. Identities provide meaning and can make up one’s self-concept which is described as the perception of oneself (p. 69). Moreover, Loue and Sajatovic (2008) added that personal identity is a “set of behavioral or personal traits by which an individual is recognizable” (p. 453). With the various challenges that older people experience such as retirement, less income, empty nest syndrome, loss of social support, health complications, disability and impending death, their sense of identity can be affected as changes in their roles happen (Loue and Sajatovic, 2008, p. 453).

Identity …show more content…

In a study conducted by Franak et.al (2015), it was found out that one third of the elderly had a low self-esteem. In relation, Wagner et. al. (2015) revealed that self-esteem declines in very old age and close to death which is associated with health-related constraints and disabilities, lower control beliefs and higher loneliness. This can be supported by the study of Molavi et.al. (2015) who explored the general health related predictors of self esteem and revealed significant relationship between the three predictor variables (somatic signs, anxiety or insomnia and depression) and self esteem which emphasized the role of physical and mental aspects of health on elderlies’ self-esteem. Moreover, Guerrero-Escobedo et. al. (2014) found out that frailty is associated with lower self-esteem. It can be related to the researches of Wagner et.al. (2013) who showed that lower self-esteem was related to lower cognitive abilities and lower perceived control and Dos Santos et. al. (2012) who revealed that elderlies with subjective memory have lower self-esteem. In addition, Orth et. al. (2010) examined the development of self-esteem from young adulthood to old age and found out that self-esteem declines in old age due to changes in socioeconomic status and physical health. These researches highlighted the contributions of various stressful life situations in …show more content…

Various researches which relate self-esteem to different ways of enhancing it were gathered. Raluca et. al. (2015) examined the effects of supportive therapy intervention in developing self-esteem and found better results of therapeutic interventions with respect to both self-esteem and social functioning dimensions. On the other hand, Antunes et.al. (2012) concluded that elderlies practicing physical exercise who perceived their health status as positive had higher self-esteem. This can be supported by the study of Park et.al. (2014) who showed significant effect of exercise in decreasing depressive symptoms and improving quality of life and self-esteem. Moreover, Choi et al. (2011) showed significantly higher self-esteem for older individuals who maintain sexual life than those who were not. On the other hand, Escolar Chua and de Guzman (2014) examined the efficiency of community-based third age learning programs on the life satisfaction, self-esteem and depression level among community dwelling Filipino elderly and found out that active involvement in third age learning programs which include opportunities for cognitive learning, physical activity, recreation, and social interaction can improve the psychological and psychosocial wellbeing of elderly. Even though these researches

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Identity is usually thought of as an individual characteristic. It pertains to ones self image, self-esteem, personal qualities, and behaviors. The “self” is an integration of where one comes from, where one lives, what one does, who or what one associates with, and one’s self-perception. However, it’s easy to underestimate the relationship that identity has with the perspective of others. Others opinions can have profound effects on people and their lives.

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As the senior population continues to grow, the supply of psychological support continues to decrease. The number of older Americans is expected to double from 46 million to more than 98 million by 2060. In the article “A Look Into Older Adults’ State of Mind” Katelyn Newman addresses the issues that seniors experience with mental health treatment. According to a report by the American Psychological Association, one in four adults ages 65 and older experience a mental health problem such as anxiety, depression, dementia, or schizophrenia (Newman, 2017). Another report by the National Council of Aging indicates that 85 and older adults have the highest suicide rate compared to any other age group, especially among older white males who have

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Geoffrey S. Fletcher, an American screenwriter and film director, has always been “...interested in how innocence fares when it collides with hard reality” (Geoffrey S. Fletcher Quotes). If Fletcher wishes to examine this change of unknowingness he is interested in, the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, perfectly depicts how the purity of a child changes when that child is forced to face reality. Lord of the Flies is a novel about how lack of control can turn the purest beings on earth, children, into ruthless savages. A plane strands a group of boys on a deserted island, and readers observe the characters losing their incorruptibility while trying to form a coherent civilization. Advancement in maturation is shown in the novel Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, through the loss of innocence in Jack, Piggy, and Ralph.

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Fueled by a mixture of fear and prejudice of growing old, ageism results in discrimination (Palmore, 2015). Some examples of ageism would include attributing forgetfulness to an elderly’s age or speaking condescendingly to an elderly person like you would to a child. The stereotype of aging can affect an elderly individual’s health. Although physical and cognitive abilities decline while we age, many psychosocial and sociocultural factors play an important role in this process. According to an article, “Stereotypes of Aging: Their Effects on the Health of Older Adults,” researchers have identified that negative stereotypes like ageism have a direct impact on “physiological function, increased cardiovascular stress and anxiety, skin conductance and high blood pressure.”

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The result shows that 46 or 92% of the elderlies wished that they had more respect to themselves. Forty or 80% of them said that they sometimes pity themselves while 34 or 68% of them perceived that they have little or sometimes nothing to help their family and friends. In addition, 33 or 66% of elderlies said that they are not happy with their accomplishments in life while 32 or 64% of them perceived that they do not have capabilities and good qualities that they can be proud of and shared that they find it difficult to accept the changes happening in themselves at the present moment. Moreover, 28 or 56% of the elderlies shared that they often think and wish that they are in other people’s condition while half of them (50%) think and feel that they are useless. Further, despite of the adversities experienced in later life, 32 or 64% of elderlies didn’t think that they

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The similarities of the cited studies lie mostly on the subject matter, which are self-actualization, acceptance of aging and spiritual well-being. On the other hand, the differences of the given studies to the present undertaking concern mostly on the research locale, respondents and the other variables to which the self-actualization, acceptance of aging and spiritual well-being of selected college professors of the National Teachers College is being related to. As people grow old, he/she is most likely to go through some kind of illnesses, injuries or stressors (physiological, psychological, social, sexual or spiritual) and these have direct impact on the body functionality. When body is faced with challenges or loss and the ability to manage it becomes difficult, stressors set in and the reason to adapt with the situation will be more important than personal interest.

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Late Adulthood is the stage of the human life cycle where an individual nears the end of their life. The life expectancy in the United States has slowly increased over the years therefore allowed many to further analyze the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development during late adulthood. The stage of late adulthood has been emphasized by ageism and the stereotypical "old" person but, will be further educated by the normative development of the life cycle of late adulthood. For the “old” experience dramatic changes in their development as they face loss, death, and illness.

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More than 7% of our country’s population is older persons. It’s due to the advancement in medicine and health care meseaures. Old age, which is inevitable in one’s life, each one should accept and realize the reality of aging. The physical and psychological changes are inevitable. The problem faced by them are several in the society, family, health etc., which makes them isolated from all means of life.

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Nadiyah Gregory March 15, 2017 Parenting Skills 02.07 Review Questions 1. Describe four areas of self-esteem discussed in the text and provide an example of each. * Four areas of self-esteem that are discussed in the text are academic, social, physical, and moral self-esteem. An example of academic self-esteem is when a student feels good about their self in an educational manner because his peers know that he is intelligent and smart.

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Introduction According to Case Study1, Ken suffers from the problems among intra- and interpersonal competencies. After analyzing the case study, Ken is possible get low self-esteem, lack of communication with family, feels alone and stressed. Problems are illustrated below. There are suggestions to solve his problem.

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It was found that physical activity which is performed vigorous intensity positively effects mental health. Exercise has been interrelated with improved sense of well-being. Exercise it prevents mental disorders by improving self-confidence, self-concept, cognition, or other psychological variables. Physical activity and exercise also reduces anxiety. Acute and chronic exercise of vigorous intensities shows reduction in

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The social environment that surrounds us could impact how we think, feel and behave in our daily lives. Bandura(1977) emphasizes the role of social factors in the development of the personality and how these factors combine to create a global self-concept. How we feel as a person will be gradually shaped through the different kinds of social environments, and eventually forming a self-recognition attitude called self-esteem, which is similar to the self-confidence. Social factors plays an important role in this shaping process, but genetic and other factors also contritube in forming it. Nathaniel Branden, the Canadian–American psychotherapist, had mentioned that the self-esteem is the key to success in life.

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Erikson emphasises that the individual experiences significant psychosocial and personal change at each stage of life until death. Additionally, Levinson’s theory observes adulthood as a continual process of re-evaluation and change. Social and emotional features of adulthood are significant contributors to instability due to changing roles and emerging of life events. Continual challenges are guaranteed because the length of adulthood has endless potential for new experiences. This relates to Erikson’s notion that identity evolves throughout the lifespan due to experiences.

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