1a) THEORY ON GLABAL CITY DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
i) Policies & Economical challenges:

In the emerging global city regions, the process of urbanization is no longer confined by their national boundaries, which means that creating successful urban plans requires the understanding of demands and needs in different cities and rural areas. Trying to compete on a global economic level creates a huge difference in the types of challenges experienced.

The combined processes of urbanization and globalization have additional responsibilities on the three spheres of governments.
International and local policies on all different spheres of government in the world were adjusted and transformed over the past decade to provide for the globalized city trend. Based on the global city index there are a huge number of cities that are changing and adapting their policies and town planning strategies to become more globalized. Countries share technology and information to compile policies and strategies to assist in achieving visions and missions set out in the country’s legislation.

Public administration and economic development are linked more than ever to global markets and investments. The International Handbook of Globalization and World cities (Elgar:84) mentioned that “the economic growth of cities is less tied to their national relations and more to the global scale, described by Peter Taylor as city ‘hinterworld’ relations (Taylor 2001;a). Cities are increasingly engaged in