Three Types Of Sensory Memory

Memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. The first item im going to touch on is sensory memory. Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one second after an item is perceived. The ability to look at something and remember what it looked like with just a split second of observation is an example of sensory memory. There are three types of sensory memory. First being iconic memory, which is a fast decaying store of visual information. it briefly stores an image which has been perceived for a small duration. Second you have echoic memory which is a fast decaying store of auditory information, briefly stores sounds that have been perceived for a short duration. And third you have haptic memory which

Another part of long-term memory is episodic memory, which attempts to capture information such as "what", "when" , "where". With episodic memory, individuals are able to recall specific events such as birthdays and anniversaries. Researchers distinguish between recognition and recall memory. Recognition memory tasks require individuals to indicate whether they have encountered a stimulus before. Recall memory tasks require participants to retrieve previously learned information. Topographic memory involves the ability to orient oneself in space, to recognize and follow an itinerary, or to recognize familiar places. Flashbulb memories are clear episodic memories of unique and highly emotional events. People remembering where they were or what they were doing when the heard the news of President Kennedy 's assassination or 9/11 are examples of flashbulb memories. Declarative memory requires conscious recall, in that some conscious process must call back the information. It is sometimes called explicit memory. Autobiographical memory is memory for particular events within one 's

Now im going to go into techniques used to study memory. Infants do not have the language ability to report on their memories. So sense we cannot use verbal techniques on infants, habituation and operant conditioning techniques have been used to asses infants ' recognition memory and the deferred and elicited imitation techniques have been used to asses infants ' recall memory. There are a variety of techniques used on older children and adults, you have paired associate learning which is when one learns to associate one specific word with another. For example, when given a word such as "grass", one learns to say that it is "green" Then you have free recall, during this task a subject would be asked to study a list of words and then later they will be asked to recall or write down as many words that they can remember. Earlier items are affected by retroactive interference(RI), which means the longer the list, the greater the interference, and the less likelihood that they are recalled. You have cued recall where one is given significant hints about the