Two Modes Of Inclusion Analysis

Within the scholarly article, Two Modes of Inclusion, Kenneth W. Mack explains how the first mode of inclusion almost always shifts into the second mode of inclusion. Originally in 2016, Mack’s work was published as part of Harvard’s Race and Higher Education Commentary Series. The purpose of this article is to explain the inevitability of the transition into the second mode of inclusion, even if the person seeking inclusion is only seeking the first mode of inclusion. Likewise, the exigence of Two Modes of Inclusion is to show the obvious issues within the education system. For example, in modern day society, many students are still excluded. Although all students are allowed participation, Mack argues many institutions lack inclusion

The first mode of inclusion is simply participation, whether it be in schools, the workforce, or society. In contrast, the second mode of inclusion changes the fundamental rules of society. For example, African Americans participating in the civil rights movement would strive for participation, the first mode of inclusion. In order to do so, members of the civil rights movement had to change the fundamental rules of universities and schools, shifting into the second mode of inclusion. Although the goal was simply participation, it is inevitable to shift to the second mode of inclusion. Overall, the purpose of Two Modes of Inclusion is to explain the constant transition from the first mode of inclusion to the

Mack is directly reaching out to people who can work within institutions to make a change including students, educators and administrators. While writing to this audience, Mack uses ethos to give himself a stronger sense of credibility. Ethos appeals to ethics and uses background information to provide more credibility to the author. Mack does this by referencing well known cases such as Brown v. Board of Education. By mentioning a major case, Mack not only strengthens his argument but also makes people realize that exclusion is an ethical dilemma. Although inclusion may not be as much of an issue today as it was during the civil rights movement, it is still relevant in society. By referencing cases with strong ethical values, the audience compares the ethical dilemmas of today to a time when it was much more