Unconditioned Response Of Eye Closing Analysis

1. To condition a person to eye blink when hearing a song, first one would have to understand that eye closing refers to the unconditioned response (UCR), and humans close their eyes when protecting them. So, directing a pencil towards the eyes, an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), would cause one to close their eyes. Then, one would begin to associate the neutral stimulus (NS), the stimulus that originally causes no reaction or the song, with the unconditioned response of eye closing. To do so, one would first play the song and then inch a pencil towards one’s eyes to cause them to close their eyes. After several times of doing this, the neutral stimulus, the song, becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS) as it causes the person to close their eyes. The eye closing then also becomes the conditioned response (CR).
2. When a dog becomes classically conditioned to a tone, extinction

a. Positive reinforcement refers to empowering the response and making the response stronger and pleasantly repeatable. Positive reinforcement sometimes comes in the form of treats or toys for well-behaved children.
b. Negative reinforcement refers to empowering the response by eliminating something unwanted and welcome. For example, parents giving into children’s unpleasant screeching by buying them a toy exemplifies negative reinforcement.
c. Positive punishment refers to punishment by supplying someone with an object or action that they do not want. For example, if someone exceeds the speed limit, and a cop presents them with a parking ticket, positive punishment has occurred.
d. Negative punishment refers to punishment by stopping an action someone wants. For instance, taking a teenager’s phone away from them would exemplify negative punishment.
6. a. Continuous reinforcement refers to continually strengthening a response each time it happens. For example, when a dog receives a treat every time it sits when someone says, “Sit,” continuous reinforcement