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Ag Frank Underdevelopment Summary

1478 Words6 Pages

A Critical Review of Development of Under-development by AG Frank Development of Underdevelopment is one of the most critically acclaimed works in development literature. It was written by Andre Gunder Frank, one of the most respected scholars in Development discourse. Frank argues that an all encompassing and comprehensive theory of development can only be fairly developed and articulated if the historical circumstances of the colonial and underdeveloped regions of the world is also taken into account. He challenges the diffusion theory and. He advances the notion that underdevelopment in most underdeveloped regions of the world is generally a result of interaction or linkages between the developed and the underdeveloped world. Frank further …show more content…

He contends that underdevelopment is generated by the same historical process that generated development. Underdevelopment is a result of country’s participation in the same capitalist system. Frank thus rejects the notion that underdevelopment is traditional or original. He challenges the notion that underdevelopment follows a linear path. He rather argues that ‘’underdevelopment is in large part the historical product of past and continuing economic and other relations...” His approach takes into account the capitalist system as a whole. His work helps us to account for the disparities evidenced in the world between the developed and the underdeveloped world as a result of capitalism. This may be used as a basis for prescribing long term solutions to continued underdevelopment in third world …show more content…

It is interesting to note that Frank advances the notion that nations can develop on their own without the influence of the so called developed world as illustrated by the Brazilian case. However, while his view holds, it should also be acknowledged that diffusion has played a key role in the spread of industrialization, technological innovations and ideas in the twentieth century. With current waves of globalization sweeping across the globe, third world countries have arguably benefitted from the diffusion process as well. Perhaps, there is need to put economic safeguards in place to ensure that diffusion process does not become

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In fact, the rich individuals prefer capitalism because they use their power to ensure that the poor remain oppressed, at their expense. Moreover, the book profoundly illustrates how work could lead to the dehumanization of people. I highly recommend this book to everybody who wants to understand the plight of workers in a capitalist nation. Notably, this book is relevant today, given that oppression in the workplace is yet to be eliminated. When people read this book, they get a picture of the mess created by the capitalist

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He thought “Irresistible energy and efficiency of harmony and cooperation” could help the society move forward and create benefits for the work force, but the government will still regulate and guide them to public interest (Clements 9). Even though there could still be some people who still try to take advantage for their own personal gain. Capitalists try to maximize as much of their profit without taking into account the

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The Brooklyn Farmer Dreams are the essence of what make us human. To dream is to be alive, and often times, we are afraid to take risks and pursue what truly makes us happy. Society has created this idea that in order to become successful, one must make a certain amount of money and land in a safe desk job. In order to find true happiness, the shackles of society’s expectations must be broken and we must be willing to follow what we feel passion for.

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Globalization is the process by which spreading and sharing ideas, goods, techniques, and technologies creates a constant connection between countries (Mann 7). There were

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This is also represented by the criticism of a capitalist mindset and its validity in society. By opposing the classical values of liberalism the writer believes that democracy can be maintained while providing prosperity to a larger population of

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John Bodley’s article, “Price of Progress”, argues that America and other developed countries worry about economic development less than developing countries. The economies in developed countries believe that every culture should be full of progress. Progress in economies is defined by how high your income is, how high your standard of living is, greater security and how good your health is. The most common used measure of progress is one’s standard of living. The lowest class of people is the tribal people who have different cultures and lifestyles and they find ways to survive on their own.

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8. Buy tasty food storage products at Augason Farms Augason Farms is one of the most famous emergency preparedness companies with a quality lineup of sauces, drinks, backer mixes, soups, gravies, and entrees. These help with your long term food storage needs. These food products are home cooked style that tastes so good. If you like to taste these recipes, then you want to buy it at online.

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He talks about the industries and its appalling working condition and yet its production benefits the whole world, where the industrialists become wealthier and workers tend to live in terrible and disastrous states, which he refers them as savages(4) because of the polluted environments with in those working class

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Burundi’s economy has long been troubled by weak infrastructure and poor influence in the technological sector. The government is essentially cash-strapped and ecologically challenged due to its tropical setting. Corruption and poor education systems have led the African country to become agriculturally dependent and has undermined the importance of innovation. Mazzucato’s implication of the states role is described by doing more than just fixing market failures, but also shaping and creating markets.

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The term ‘New Age’ refers to a wide range of mind-body-spirit ideas, interests and therapies from across the globe that started to become prominent in the late 1970s. Heelas (2008) estimates that there are 2,000 such activities and 146,000 practitioners in the UK. According to Heelas (1996), the wide range of ideas and activities of the New Age are characterised by two common themes: self-spirituality and detraditionalisation (the rejection of tradition ‘external’ religions and sources of spiritual authority and instead valuing personal experiences). For the growth of New Age to be evidence for a spiritual revolution, it would have to be enough to replace the declining influence of traditional religions.

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Capitalism is understood to be the “economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.” In modern society, capitalism has become the dominant economic system and has become so integrated that it has resulted in a change in the relationships individuals have with other members of society and the materials within society. As a society, we have become alienated from other members of society and the materials that have become necessary to regulate ourselves within it, often materials that we ourselves, play a role in producing. Capitalism has resulted in a re-organization of societies, a more specialized and highly segmented division of labour one which maintains the status quo in society by alienating the individual. Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim theorize on how power is embodied within society and how it affects the individuals of society.

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The term “Globalization” has been in existence for the past 50 years. It is one of the major causes of the increase in international trade. The Oxford Dictionary defined Globalization as “the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or operate on an international scale”. It is a phenomenon that has been in the front burner for several years. Certain individuals opine that it serves as an advantage for the developing countries to compete in the global market while others were of the opinion that it favors the developed countries by making them richer (Giddens, A. 1999).

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The above as quoted from his speech emphasizes on the importance of economic rights, as he simply puts it, “freedom cannot exist without economic security”. Some renowned scholars have argued otherwise, while others argue that state intervention only hinders the right of free market; therefore the state should not interfere with these rights (ÇAMUR). It is no surprise however that in developing countries, economic and social rights are regarded more important, and consider political and civil rights as an obstruct to achieve economic development (ÇAMUR). This argument has been countered however, some scholars have pointed out that dictators in developing countries argue that these rights aren’t important because of their interests (Tharoor). Regardless, the needy will always prefer their social and economic rights to be protected by the government before political civil rights (ÇAMUR).

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I. INTRODUCTION a. BACKGROUND: Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different countries, a procedure compelled by international trade and investment, and supported by information technology. Furthermore, this process has an effect on various other systems such as on the environment, culture, political systems, economic development and prosperity and lastly, on human physical well-being in societies around the world. “Since 1950, for example, the volume of world trade has increased by 20 times, and from just 1997 to 1999 flows of foreign investment nearly doubled, from $468 billion to $827 billion” (York, 2016). Technology has been another primary driver of globalization,

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