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Vascular Disease

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2.4.4. Vascular disease (multi-infarct or post-stroke dementia) Vascular disease is the term which describes blood vessel disease. Three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins and lymphatics circulate the blood in the body but when the circulation of blood becomes disturbances in the brain function. This is second most common cause (10-20 %) of dementia (Jones & Román, 2004). Mainly, language problem, persons memory, other intellectual disabilities, impaired judgment, memory loss are the signs of vascular disease. Except this incontinence, weakness, paralysis, mask-face facial expression, non-cognitive hallmarks may appear. Vascular dementia (all forms of stroke e.g., ischemic and hemorrhagic forms) is also a type of dementia. Alzheimer society UK, …show more content…

This disease affect to the mammals like; sheep, cow, and deer. The most common form of the human prion disease is sporadic, is also called Gertsmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), fatal familial insomnia (FFI), kuru and variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) (Holman, et al.,2010). All forms of HPD caused under the there principles; acquired, genetic or sporadic. Accuired types of this are scary and hard to catch so its common way is infections. The next type is “Karu”- it can pass one person to another person by cannibalishm, in Papua New Guinea. The next one is transferd by the contaminated milk of mad caw, is called bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the variant Creutzfeldt –Jackob disease (vCJD) is related with the human. That transmits via medical contaminated instrument, hormone spplements, transplant organ, dura matters (a part of brain), all these called iatogenic infections. It can harm from 1 month to 1 year (Prion Allience, 2015). Recently the group of Zou, et al, (2010) found a new type of complex prion disease, was dubbed “variably prostate-sensitive

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The injuries that is critical in the areas such as thalamus and hypothalamus region will lead to the vascular dementia. Thus, people with vascular type of dementia tend to have disease of the blood vessels such as tobacco usage, high blood pressure, heart attacks, etc.  Mixed dementia: Mixed dementia is another type of dementia, it is the combination of Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia or in general it is the conditions where changes can be represented with considering more than one type of dementia which occurs simultaneously in the brain, thus this type of dementia causes 10% of dementia cases. The symptoms of this type of dementia is that it depends on the type of dementia that are occurred simultaneously in the brain but it may have the same symptoms of Alzheimer’s type of dementia.

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Introduction Alzheimer’s is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gets worse over time. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events or short memory loss. As the disease advances, symptoms can include difficulty with language, disorientation, mood swing and behavior problems. As a person 's condition progressed, they often withdraw from friends and family. Slowly, bodily functions deteriorated and eventually death occurs.

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What is democracy? For a long time, historians have kept this question in mind while studying laws and methods of the Ancient Athenians. After investigating the given evidence, it can be determined Ancient Athens did not always vote on important matters and only a small majority of the population could vote. Because of this, Athens cannot be considered democratic. “The rule of the people” is the definition of Democracy.

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They cannot stand to suckle and must be destroyed. All the affected animals descend from a single individual. The gene involved is recessive: the disease occurs only when homozygous (two copies of the gene are present); heterozygous (carrier) animals show no symptoms, but are likely to be much more widespread in the population than affected animals.[4]Today, the breed is found mainly in English-speaking countries, and Southern South America. The main countries are: Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand,

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Dementia is a serious disorder caused by a variety of brain illnesses which affects a person memory .There are three symptoms stages which are early,middle,and late stages. A Person with dementia lose the ability to think well enough to do everyday activities or solve problems. It is also difficult for a person with dementia to interact with others which makes this disease overwhelming for the families of the Patient. The number of people who have dementia is currently estimated at 47.5 million.

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To begin with, setting builds the steps in life, like every time Jem and Scout leave their house, it is a closer step to maturity. For instance, when Jem was forced to read a book to Mrs. Dubose, he had to go over to her home, “The following week found us back at Mrs. Dubose's,” (Lee 109). The reason Jem had to read to Mrs. Dubose was because he was angry at her for saying rude things to atticus, like “nigger lover”. The childish act turned into a good cause because there for every reaction there is an action. This act soon turned Jem into a sensible boy when he learns that sometimes you have to change the bad into good.

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s Disease: Neuromuscular Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s Disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative, invariably fatal brain disorder, which is derived from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy caused by prions. Prions occur in a normal state, which are harmless proteins found in the body’s cells, and also in an infectious form that causes disease. Harmless forms of prion proteins have the same sequence of amino acids, but the infectious forms of protein have a different folded shape than normal proteins. Once the abnormal protein prion appears they aggregate together, giving the brain a spongy appearance, characterized by tiny holes. These infectious particles are mainly found on the surface of cells in the central nervous system.

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Dementia is not a specific illness. It 's an overall term that describes a range of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills severe enough to cut a person 's ability to do everyday activities. Alzheimer disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of cases. Vascular dementia, which occurs after a stroke, is the second most common dementia type. Dementia is often incorrectly referred to as "senility" or "senile dementia," which reflects the formerly widespread but incorrect belief that serious mental decline is a normal part of aging.

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The fore people are a geographically isolated tribe in Papua New Guinea. Until the 1950’s they practiced a bizarre funeral ritual which involved consuming human brains. This cannibalistic behavior lead to members of the tribe getting a disease called Kuru. Kuru is a brain disease that is caused by infections Prions in the brain. The disease works by creating lesions in the brain and causing degradation, it is a fatal disease.

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Dementia History Dementia is a disease that brings grief to a family if it is not handled correctly. This disease gradually begins and worsens the cognitive ability over several years. In the dawn of nineteenth century, dementia was just a clinical concept. The doctors believed that dementia in aged people fluctuated within the idea that was due to the blockage in the major arteries in the brain or small strokes inside the vessels of the cerebral cortex. Recently they believe that the dementia is caused due to the mixture of both conditions.

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Dementia is a disorder which causes the brain cells to deteriorate therefor causes a decline in several symptoms and affects a person’s mentality, capacity and how they go about their everyday life. NVQ 1.2 2) Describe the functions of the brain that are affected by dementia. There are many brain functions affected by dementia depending on which form of dementia the individual has. The temporal lobe’s functions affected are Memory loss for example forgetting things you have just been told or something you have just said so repeating yourself several times, balance, posture and vision can also be affected due to decline in health of the temporal lobe. Frontal lobe affects behaviour for example becoming withdrawn.

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Even though the government denied this connection, other doctors and scientific expert were researching and writing reports regarding the link between consumption of infected bovine material and CJD (Walters,

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In an article by Alzheimer’s Association it mentions that many experts who study this type like to call it “Vascular Cognitive Impairment” because it better explains the idea that your vascular thinking skills can change and it can either be small or serve. Also, in this article it mentions that Vascular Dementia is account for 10 percent of cases and that is remains underdiagnosed even though it is considered common. B. Symptoms i. With this type of Dementia, the symptoms can be very different due to how badly the blood vessel are damaged after having the stroke. ii.

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Mad cow disease is a rare but deadly disease that is obtained by cows from contamination feeding or activation of prions. Once this disease spreads to human, the situation gets about ten times worse. The human version of BSE (Mad cow disease) is called vCJD (variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). This disease destroys the brain and will kill you if you leave it alone. You can get vCJD just by eating beef from a cow that had the disease.

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Dementia is one of the most feared diseases and expensive to society currently. It is defined as a clinical syndrome of acquired cognitive impairment that determines decrease of intellectual enough capacity to interfere social and functional performance of the individual and their quality of life. It is a known fact that patients tend to express themselves through their behaviour and expect their carers to understand this notion. The diverse kinds of causes of different behaviours are inability to communicate, difficulty with tasks, unfamiliar surroundings, loud noises, frantic environment, and physical discomfort. Many diseases can cause dementia, some of which may be reversible.

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