Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides.
The design relied on two Schmitt triggers to generate the two different tones while using the transistors to act as a switch. This causes it to trigger continuously between two unstable states, allowing automatic switching between two frequencies producing two different tones. The RC values between the two Schmitt triggers will differ. Capacitors charge and discharge faster when it’s resistance is smaller.
Typical sample dimensions 9.51 × 4.83 mm2in surface area and1.58 mm in thickness were coated with conductive silver paint formetallic contacts. The dielectric constant of the sample was mea-sured for the applied frequency that varies from 100 Hz to 1 MHz atdifferent temperatures (40◦C, 60◦C, 80◦C). The observations weremade while cooling the sample. The dielectric constant εrwas cal-culated using the relation, εr =
Experiment 7 In this experiment we configured several DC circuits consisting of an emf and a network of resistors. The circuits were composed of a power supply, two DMMs, a circuit board, an SPST switch, and an assortment of known resistors along with one unknown resistor. We measured the current and voltage of the entire circuit as well as the potential drops across each resistor to determine the parameters of the circuit including the resistance, voltage, and current for each component.
%% Init % clear all; close all; Fs = 4e3; Time = 40; NumSamp = Time * Fs; load Hd; x1 = 3.5*ecg(2700). ' ; % gen synth ECG signal y1 = sgolayfilt(kron(ones(1,ceil(NumSamp/2700)+1),x1),0,21); % repeat for NumSamp length and smooth n = 1:Time*Fs '; del = round(2700*rand(1)); % pick a random offset mhb = y1(n + del) '; %construct the ecg signal from some offset t = 1/
1. Identify the range of senses involved in communication • Sight (visual communication), Touch (tactile communication), Taste, Hearing (auditory communication), Smell (olfactory communication) 2. Identify the limited range of wavelengths and named parts of the electromagnetic spectrum detected by humans and compare this range with those of THREE other named vertebrates and TWO named invertebrates. Figure 1: the electromagnetic spectrum source: www.ces.fau.edu Vertebrates Human Japanese Dace Fish Rattlesnake Zebra Finch Part of electromagnetic spectrum detected ROYGBV (visible light) detected by light sensitive cells in the eye called rods and cones.
Viruses are capsules with genetic material inside. They are very tiny, much smaller than bacteria. Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. They also cause severe illnesses such as HIV/AIDS,
These viruses include the following: herpes, measles, fowl pox, mumps, and equine encephalitis. It was said that Henrietta’s cells helped launch the field of virology. The book also mentions how viruses reproduce by injecting some of their genetic material into a living cell, essentially reprogramming the living cell so it reproduces the virus instead of itself which is a concept we have learned this semester (Skloot, Location
A virus is an infective agent that usually consists of a protein coat with a nucleic acid molecule. Viruses do not reproduce through asexual reproduction. Instead, they attach themselves to the cells in their victim’s body to create more viruses. Over the years, vaccines for certain viruses have been created to help humans combat them. However, for viruses such as Ebola, there have been no drugs approved to cure them.
However, this determination is not always straightforward. Viruses have some, but not all, of the qualities of living organisms, and scientists have long argued whether or not they should be considered as living organisms. In this exercise you will determine whether specimens are non-living, living, or dead. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - STATION LAB Lab Procedures: First, observe the specimens located at each station without touching it.
(C) APPROACH We propose to test the hypothesis that papillomavirus infection and persistence are influenced by local host defense factors. MmuPV1 persistent infection at mucosal sites in outbred and inbred nude mice can be tracked (15-17) in addition to skin sites (35)(Preliminary data). Interestingly, not all sites showed the same level of susceptibility to MmuPV1 infection. For example, the back skin has been the least susceptible site when compared with other skin sites such as the tail and the muzzle.
Viruses have evolved powerful countermeasures to evade host innate immunity which produces immediate, but non-specific, immune response during infection. Among viruses possessing RNA genomes, the order of negative-single-strand viruses (Mononegavirales) encompasses many human and animal pathogens that cause severe disease, including measles virus, mumps virus and rabies virus. Rabies is an untreatable disease of humans, which has a case-fatality rate of almost 100% in non-vaccinated individuals. The etiological agents of rabies are viruses of the globally distributed Lyssavirus genus, the best characterized of which is rabies virus (RABV), which infects diverse mammalian species, being transmitted to humans most commonly by bites from infected
Introduction The purpose of the science experiment is to determine the characteristics of the Zika virus by using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The use of BLAST sequencing is essential to efficiently determine if there are any malformations in the genome caused by lysogenic cycles of virus, viroids, and prions. BLAST will help detect the change in the base pair sequence which allows quick yet accurate results of the virus. The experiment will also be used to compare the Zika virus with its counterparts among the world since there is a possibility of mutation occurring within the virus.
A filo virus is any virus that is characterized as filamentous single stranded RNA viruses which have unique ways of reproduction and structure. Alongside the Ebola virus, Marburg virus is part of the filo virus group. Marburg virus is almost difficult to notice apart from Ebola, they very closely resemble. Such virus causes a disease in both humans and animals, known as Marburg Virus Disease. It was first documented in humans from an outbreak in Germany and Yugoslavia.
So I believe that viruses could be considered to be alive and this is why . Viruses infected a cell but to infect a cell it has to have some type of energy to have harm done to the cell . Personally I feel like of ANYTHING can cost harm to anythings else it should be considered a living organisms . Think of it like this , how can a non living organisms cause harm to any living or nonliving things ?
