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Watershed: Annotated Bibliography

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NTRODUCTION The water body ‘St.Croix’ is a river which covers an area of 4271km2, and it flows along New Brunswick and Maine and acts as a water boundary between Canada and United States. “Because of its strategic location, the river has played a unique role in the history of Maritime Canada and the U.S. and remains important for these reasons today” (CHRS. 2007). Picture 1 Source: http://www.ijc.org/rel/boards/saint/watershed_report_e.htm Picture 2 http://www.naturetrust.nb.ca/wp/blog/conservation-planning-st-croix-river/ The picture shows the geographic position of St.Croix river watershed and the watershed itself. The St.Croix River has two main chains of lakes, east and west. The location of east branch lakes are along the border …show more content…

Croix River watershed have reflected the importance the river plays in the development of the local economy, as the most populous areas have been located along the lower main stem of the St. Croix” (International Joint Commission Report). The size of the population, structure and distribution are the determining factors of the watershed health. So it is so important that to know about these factors as it influences the development of life and the area around. With the increase in population density along the river , the use of natural resources especially water increases for normal and industrial use. There should be a well established balance between land use, population density and social,economical and industrial development for conserving a healthy …show more content…

“Carried by snow melt, rain water, and groundwater, NPS pollution contributes sediments, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), toxic substances, and pathogens to water bodies” (Maine Rivers 2005, ijc 2008). The Non Point Pollution generally due to stormwater in the downstream portion of the river; which are the most populated areas situated near the estuary;With the stormwater large amounts of pollutants are washed off to the river because of the impenetrable surfaces of that area which does not allow water to seep into the ground. Other sources of Nonpoint pollution are seepage from broken sewage and septic tanks, runoff from construction sites ,nutrients,sediments and chemicals from agricultural farms and roads. According to the report of International Joint Commission in 2008; “This untreated runoff may contain litter, dust, soil, oil and grease from roads, garden waste, chemicals, and nutrients and pathogens from animal feces and fertilizers” (IJC

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400 Words | 2 Pages

In Cleveland, Ohio there was a fire that occurred on June 22, 1969, around 12pm on the Cuyahoga river. People called it the “burning river”. The river caught on fire because there were floating pieces of debris that was slicked with oil. The debris ignited by sparks that came from a train that was passing over the river. The reason it happened is from years of people dumping pollution into the river.

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218 Words | 1 Pages

As the text states, “Canals, Gene believes, cause almost all of Louisiana’s wetland losses.” I don 't agree with Turner because as I mentioned in

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867 Words | 4 Pages

On the trip with SWEEP the health of the Susquehanna River was studied. In order to do that, chemical test, biological tests, and physical observations were made. Chemical testing showed the more scientific side of water quality, such as the amount of nitrates, phosphates, the pH values, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Searching for macroinvertebrates was the biological testing. Certain macroinvertebrates and the quantity found determines how healthy the stream is.

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556 Words | 3 Pages

I hypothesized that the Conodoguinet Creek is polluted. Through my research I have found that the Conodoguinet Creek is not polluted. One reason it is not polluted is because most of the macroinvertebrates and crustaceans we found in the creek are pollution sensitive creatures. Another reason the creek is not polluted is the level of acidity and alkalinity is 7 which is a healthy number on the pH scale. If the acidity or alkalinity levels were high scientists would have to find a way to neutralize the acid and alkaline.

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466 Words | 2 Pages

The Cullowhee Creek is a small source of water that runs through Western Carolina University. The creek begins further up the mountain, then runs into the Tuckasegee River, which then flows into the Tennessee river, then the Mississippi, and finally, into the Gulf of Mexico. In this activity, we monitored the creek to determine its health. In the Riparian Inventory activity, we rated various aspects of the creek.

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557 Words | 3 Pages

Case 2: Chesapeake Bay watershed System Complexity, Data, and Impairment Description The Chesapeake Bay watershed is an example of a complex modeling system that consists of a large watershed (165,759 km2) with flow-regulated rivers, large urban centers and expansive rural areas, and an estuary (US EPA, 2010). The Chesapeake Bay TMDL allocates total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sediment loads to reduce the size of the oxygen-depleted zones in the bay to restore its living resources. As such, estimating nutrient loads from all sources (air and land) and assessing their effect on the bay’s aquatic life requires the use of an integrated modeling framework. Because of the areal extent and system complexity of the watershed and the estuary, the Chesapeake Bay TMDL is one of the most complex TMDLs conducted in the United States.

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763 Words | 4 Pages

Generally riparian zones are restricted pieces of area that line the fringes of a water source. Riparian fauna are frequently not the same as those found in nearby groups like the water-rich soils found in the riparian zone. Healthy riparian zones give an assortment of critical environment services and they are mostly vital, natural surroundings for wildlife. We are studying this area to see if there is a range of characteristics that indicate whether or not the water is healthy. A few signs of a healthy riparian zone are ; a thick growth of vegetation with diverse species of grasses, forbs (weeds), shrubs, and trees that cover the streambanks and provide shade, land surrounding streambanks generally remains wet throughout most of the year except where streams cut through rocky terrain, Streambanks are more vertical and steep than flat and rounded.

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1038 Words | 5 Pages

Efforts to clean up pollution are already underway, but the problem of pollution still persists. The Department of Ecology says that “a major contributor of these toxic pollutants entering the Sound is the stormwater that runs off our highways, roads, driveways, roofs, parking lots, disturbed soils, and other developed surfaces” (“Threats to Puget Sound”). When there is rain, the rain

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1275 Words | 6 Pages

The river is being restored in 4 construction phases. The Core of Engineers (COE) and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) work closely using adaptive management strategies to ensure the restoration meets its goals. The SFWMD scientists set up a Performance Evaluation Program that consist of 25 performance measures that evaluate every component of the restoration including – hydrology, water quality, geomorphology, vegetation, and bird, fish, amphibian, reptile and invertebrate communities. Scientists have found that the flora and fauna that disappeared when the river was a canal have returned and are thriving in the newly restored system. Scientific data indicates that restoration is meeting or exceeding the expectations set up at the beginning of the

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258 Words | 2 Pages

In this essay we are going to go through two watersheds; San Mateo Watershed and San Juan Creek Watershed. Here we discuss what are the effects of urbanization and what exactly are they (cities) doing to the watersheds. Watersheds are areas of land 1. We are going to start of with talking about San Juan Creek. This watershed is located in Orange County, California and it runs 160 square miles east.

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511 Words | 3 Pages

In the year of 1890 many historical events happened. Which is why 1890 is called a watershed year. In the year of 1890 United States faced many changes with trying to expand their nation and created an empire Three of the many historical events that happen in 1890 was the Oklahoma Land Rush, The Wounded Knee Massacre, and Imperialism. Now to explain, the Oklahoma Land Rush. In the 1880’s Oklahoma was Indian territory, but in the year of 1889, the federal government opened this land for settlers.

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1116 Words | 5 Pages

Polluted runoff has been considered a problem almost invisible to the policy makers of Puget Sound. It has thus not attracted any media attention like the more famous environmental issues like emissions by greenhouse gases or the pungent smell of the raw sewage outfalls that occurs regularly or even the negative imagery for the eye by air pollution. Polluted runoff does not have any apparent or obvious symptoms which indicate its disastrous impacts to ruin the life quality. However, in reality the symbols are present and unfortunately there a quite a lot of these available signs. Yet it seems that these many symbols are not related to each other and thus the method of solving them is more systematic while instead they should be treated as a

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501 Words | 3 Pages

A costal ecosystem restoration program was invented by Congress in the Water Resources Development Act of 2007. The state is expected to spend nearly $1.2 billion over the next three years on protection and restoration projects. They have yet to come up with the money, but they have been thinking of solutions. One solution they have been thinking of is the sediment required to replenish the wetlands will come from land scattered throughout the basin. Even though sediments are crucial to rebuilding the wetlands of the Mississippi River Delta, additional nutrients flowing through river diversion could potentially impair inland waters of the state.

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1683 Words | 7 Pages

Aquatic littering can be further categorized into two main sources, namely, land-based sources and marine-based sources. Land-based sources that pollute the marine environment include local drainage systems, fleeting streams and sewage drainage. Industrial, agricultural and domestic activities also play a vital role in causing marine pollution.

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1051 Words | 5 Pages

The river directly and indirectly affects the largest population of any river in the world with over more than 420 million people who rely on it for food, water, bathing and agriculture. And that is not to mention the tens of Millions of pilgrims who venture to India 's most holy of rivers each year to bathe and worship.

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