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Summary Of White Collar Crime

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Recommended: Theories on white-collar crime

In the article, White Collar Crime: What It Is and Where It's Going, Cliff and Desilets (2014) discuss the concept of white collar crime and how it is evolving with the advent of technology. The article also discusses the nature of white collar crime and its impact on society as well as the direction it is taking. It also tackles the general shape of white collar crime in America in addition to the relevant data for different types of activities that meet the criteria for at least some of the prevailing white collar crime definitions, and how to interpret that data. The article concludes by examining social media and privacy as the two areas of emerging concern in the field of white collar crime.
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Cliff and Desilets (2014) explain …show more content…

As such, an individual will be motivated to commit a crime because they do not have the interests of the organization at heart. The theory notes that employees who possess weak bonds to their managers and co-workers are more likely to report having engaged in a white-collar crime. However, the weakness of this theory is that the notion of interdependence relied upon in the social control theory has not been fully developed to tie the offenders to their environment.
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The most useful theory in explaining white collar crime according to this analysis is the strain theory. This theory seems to accurately predict why corporations and individuals are more likely to engage in white collar crime. It is true that the need to achieve some economic goal may drive one to commit a crime, for example, embezzlement since it takes too long to achieve such goals through legitimate channels. Some offenders claim that the desire to prevent financial loss or come out of a hardship might motivate them to commit a crime.
The implications this theory has for criminal justice policies include directing the prediction of white collar offenses in select groups. It also indicates that the strain type and negative emotion at work for white collar offenders might vary from the other criminal elements, which calls for changes in policy while dealing with this group of

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The strain theory implies that crime may occur because of the stress or frustration placed on people when

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Within the past couple of decades, criminologists have developed different criminological theories that apply to the social behaviors and decisions of criminals. One of the earliest theories developed regarding criminality is the rational choice theory, in which describes the rationalization of determining if the rewards from committing the crime outweigh the consequences. In Scarver’s case, his decision to engage in criminal activities outweighed the potential consequences, or the other alternatives if he did not engage in such criminal activities. In addition to the rational choice theory, Scarver’s criminality can be related to the social disorganization theory, which describes the influence of one’s social and physical environment on one’s decision to commit a crime. Lastly, the strain theory can be related to Scarver’s criminality as well, as it is used to describe an individual who lacks the means to obtain such goals, and aspirations, so therefore, he or she engages in criminal activities to acquire the goals.

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Criminal and conflict gang whose primarily intent of crimes for tangible gains. Social structure theorists consider that the main components to illegal behavior are the ascendancy of social and economic influences that are distinguished in rundown communities where the population is predominantly lower-class citizens (Siegel, 2010). This following theory goes into helping us comprehend ways the human behavior, is the result of physical

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One sociological explanation of crime is that those who engage in crime were raised and shown crime in early ages of their life. The three sources of Robert Agnew's Strain Theory would be: The inability to achieve positively valued goals The removal of the threat to remove positively valued stimuli

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A white collar crime is committed to make profits, they are not the acts of madmen or irrational people. They are rational acts that often require planning and careful

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Stress and subsequent aggression may also be induced due to perceptions of injustice in the workplace. As stated earlier, Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory argues that strain is a cause of criminal behavior. He expands upon Robert Merton’s Anomie Theory to include several causes of strain. His categories of strain that produce deviance are, the failure to achieve positively valued goals, the loss of positive encouragement, and the introduction of negative stimuli. Simply put, when people are treated poorly, they may become upset and resort to criminal behavior.

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In comparing and contrasting classical theory and strain theory in light of their application to drug trafficking it is evident that both theories have the ability to explaining drug trafficking but strain theory is slightly more effective/useful as it provides a more tailored explanation to the crime. But in saying that, it should be noted that this crime problem fits nicely in line with strain theory’s approach to crime and thus this application should not dictate it’s superiority over classical theory overall in explaining CCB. For example, although strain theory explains drug trafficking well it would be ill-suited in explaining white-collar crime or instances where individuals commit a crime without experiencing any social strain as their

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There are different types of “white collar crime” that exists inclusive of fraud, embezzlement, insider trading and Ponzi schemes. “White collar crime” affects everyone and the main driving force of the perpetrator of the white collar crime is mainly greed plain and simple. There are different theories associated with “white collar crime”. One of these such theories is the rational choice theory. The rational choice theory indicates that persons have a choice of whether to commit an offence or not.

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Strain theory is general is best applied to lower class struggles and doesn’t tend to offer any stable explanations for why white-collar crime exists. However, this theory is slightly addressed with Agnew’s theory which is why the theory was created much broadly than Merton and Durkheim’s. Agnew’s general strain theory presented multiple strain-producing types that can result in the chances of criminal behavior this theory was the most important and influential out of all the theories and countered Merton’s classic theory (Hosier & Hosier). Agnew identified types of general strain as failure to achieve positively valued goals, removal of positive stimuli, and the presentation of negative stimuli (Hosier, Ch. 5 Pt. 2 Lecture) Agnew was progressive in his points that stated there were various forms of strain that caused people to experience negative emotion but still does not account why for why people deal with the consequences of strain differently and now everyone who experiences strain or stress resort to delinquency, and how some individuals are capable of positive coping mechanisms.

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It does not consider other factors such as criminal associations, individual traits, and inner strains, which plays a significant role in determining punishment for the individuals in committing crimes. It is observed that this theory endeavours to know that whether the activities of crime as well as the victim’s choice, criminals commit the activities on start from rational decisions. The theory also determines that criminals consider different elements before committing crime. They engage in the exchange of ideas before reaching on any final decision. These elements consist of consequences of their crimes, which include revealing their families to problems or death, chances of being arrested, and others elements, which comprises of placement of surveillance systems (Walsh & Hemmens, 2010; Lichbach,

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“Citizens who have recieved satisfaction from law enforcement with respect to white-collar crime are probably more likely to report crime, be stand-up complaining witnesses, and generally cooperate with police[more often]”(Organization of Agency Efforts to Combat White-Collar Crime, Pg. 6). With the elimination of the FBI’s white-collar crime division, white-collar appropriation will be handled more effectively as more information will be passed and criminals will be arrested. This boosts public opinion as these people “recieve satisfaction” from the arrest made to white-collar criminals. “Citizens entire attitude toward government could be improved by satisfactory contacts with anti-white-collar crime enforcement[Securities and Exchange Commisions] efforts”(Organization of Agency Efforts to Combat White-Collar Crime, Pg. 6). With the FBI granting information to the SEC and the SEC working tirelessly to connect people to a white-collar crime and arresting them, it enhances public opinion which can make people more willing to help.

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In 1985 Robert Agnew a sociologist come to an interest of studying the theory and finds a potential for the theory in explaining several causes of crime in society, but due to its limitation he developed and reformulated the theory to widen its dimension or scope. After revising the theory he come up into General strain theory of crime and builds its foundation in 1992. General strain theory argues that frustrations and anger leads someone to deviance and may result into committing a crime (Agnew, 1992). GST defines strains as negative life events and conditions which are commonly disliked by the people who experience it or negative experiences of a person in a given group (Agnew, 1992; 2001; 2006). Strain is often classified in two distinct types, the Objective Strain and the Subjective Strain.

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White collar crime is an organized crime committed by person of higher socioeconomic status in the course of their business, occupation, or profession (Sutherland, 2002). It was introduced to the Criminal Justice system in 1939, but was overlooked by many people because they never noticed it was happening. White collar crime has been taking place in America for a long time and is summed up as lying, cheating and stealing. There are numerous types of white collar crimes such as bribery, bank fraud, embezzlement, and insurance fraud to name a few (National Check Fraud Center, 2011). One case that we all know of, Enron, not only wiped out lifesavings, but cost investors billions of dollars.

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Social Disorganization Theory Name Institutional Affiliation Crime in our societies is a widespread social phenomenon dating back centuries ago and ranges from low-level delinquencies to high-level offences. Chances are high that one would be involved in crime during their lifetime, either as a victim, or as an assailant. Nevertheless, what really motivates individuals to commit crime? Studies have shown that in different political, economic, and cultural backgrounds, crime occurs in diverse patterns making it a serious social problem. Hence, criminology and sociology experts have examined numerous aspects of crime in an attempt to elucidate why individuals commit crime, and cogently explain its social context.

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