Wound Infection Case Study

1.0 INTRODUCTION In the recent time increase in multiple drug resistance by microbial pathogens become a serious health problem to mankind worldwide. The increase has slowed down the development of new synthetic antimicrobials drugs and has necessitated the search for new antimicrobials from alternative source (Peng et al., 2006). It is aroused due to indiscriminate and repetitive use of antimicrobial drugs coupled with inadequate diseases treatment (Shariff, 2001). To acquire drug resistance microbes have developed series of mechanism to render drug useless for the treatment and control of infections (Ritch-Kro et al., 1996).One way to prevent antibiotic resistance is by using new compound which

A wound is a disorder in the normal anatomical structure and function of living tissue which may be caused by physical, chemical, microbiological or immunological injury. Globally wounds also represent a significant burden on the patients and health care professionals or givers. Wound infection is also significant in that they are the most common nosocomial infection (Orrett, 2002) . Infection of the wound is the successful invasion, and proliferation by one or more organisms anywhere within the body’s sterile tissues and sometimes accompanied with pus formation (Calvin, 1998).Wound infection may result to prolong hospital stay, delay wound healing, increases cost of health care and morbidity in surgical patients (Orrett, 2002).. Wound infection with multiple organisms may even result to multiple organ failure or death of the patient when it becomes chronic. Wound may even be infected multiple organisms like aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive cocci and gram- negative bacilli including yeast though organisms such as Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Clostridium, Pepto-streptococcus, Fusobacterium and Aeromonas are found highly predominant (Henry and John, 2001). Many antibiotics are used to treat wound pathogens

In traditional pharmacognosy, the solvents commonly used in extraction of plant components include water, ethanol and palm kernel oil, though water is being regarded as the most extractive solvent (Musa et al., 2011). The acceptance now of herbal or traditional medicine into healthcare delivery and the development of resistance to commercial synthetic antibiotics have led to widespread investigation into the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants (Bisignano et al ., 1996; Hammer et al., 1999). There is therefore a need to study the antibacterial activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus amarus used in Nigeria for the traditional treatment of wound