Bacteriophages Essays

Isolation of Bacteriophage from Mycobacterium smegmatis Abstract In our experiment, we wanted to isolate phage virus from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Phage viruses affect bacteria. Life cycles of phages are categorized into two; lytic and lysogenic. Lytic phages lyse of their host thereby killing them, while lysogenic phages integrate into host DNA. However, life cycle of phages cannot be easily predicted. In this experiment, mycobacteria phage DNA was isolated from a lysogenic phage. Plaques form when

When I decided to enroll in becoming a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) last 2009, I know that I would be able to deal with different kinds of people and be able to be part of their healing process during their stay in the healthcare institution. Today, as I become a part of the health team, I learned a lot of things. First is being able to know how to communicate and work with different kinds of people may it be our patient or a coworker. In my every day shift at hospitals and nursing homes, I

Germ theory of disease is one of the theories in the biology field. Germ theory of disease supports that microorganisms that are germs are the cause of diseases. This theory was first proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in the 16th century but he was not able to provide any evidence to strengthen his proposal. This theory was not accepted easily by the citizen between the 16th century to the 18th century. The pre-existence of miasma theory was the obstacle to the acceptance of germ theory during that

Tdghf Erg Dr. Collin 11/22/2017 Dynamic Genome Brown widow (Latrodectus geometricus) DNA extraction and primer design for sequence AcSp1CR to determine if a specific gene is present in the extracted spider DNA. Background on spider silk and spider silk genes The brown widow, latrodectus geometricus, was collected from San Diego, California (Vienneau-Hathaway, 2017) and is the extracted DNA used for this experiment. Most spiders use many different types of silks to perform multiple actions, for

As the medical world witnesses the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bacteriophages become more of an option to treat bacterial infections. By infecting bacteria with their DNA, bacteriophages can eventually eliminate a culture of bacteria within a body. While United States doctors halted the use of bacteriophages for treatment, called phage therapy, before World War I, other countries in Eastern Europe continue to perform therapy on patients. Understanding why phage therapy has potential

protein. The experiment uses two sets of T2 bacteriophages. DNA has P but no S and Protein has S but not P. They also knew that something from T2 phage entered E. coli cells and directed the bacteria to produce more phage. They assumed that the genetic material was the material that entered the cell. So they set out to determine the chemical nature of the material. In separate experiments they infected E. coli cells with 35S or 32P labeled phage. By analyzing the products they determined that 32P

involves either a bacteriophage, a virus that infect bacteria or a plasmid, which is a circular piece of DNA that exist and

Arguments against the use of Phages are numerous, but all of them are based around the beginning of phage use. At this time, solutions to these problems have already been found. Issue one is based on the host range of phages. A microbiologist named Michael Schmidt at Medical University of South Carolina described the range of antibiotics and phages as: “Antibiotics are a big hammer...You want a guided missile.” (qtd. in Reardon 15). The solution is to start by screening the infectious bacteria and

actococcus lactis ssp. lactis C2 and bacteriophages c2, ml3, sk1 were obtained from T. R. Klaenhammer (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC). Both bacterial Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis C2 stains and bacteriophages c2, ml3, sk1 were stored in microcentrifuge tubes at -80℃ refrigerator to keep frozen until use. 3.3 Preparation of M17 medium, skim milk, Bottom agar, Top agar and CaCl2 solution M17 medium, skim milk, Bottom agar, Top agar and CaCl2 solution were all prepared in lab 201

PM204 Lab Group: E1 Prepared By: Ahd Mohamed Abdelmoniem Fahmi-175063 Due Date: 20-10-2017   Definition of phage: Phage is a short for bacteriophage, which is virus that lives inside bacteria, and is a piece of nucleic acid RNA or DNA which is bordered by a coat that consists of capsid proteins. The natural host for the virus is bacterial cell. Phages differ in terms of the basic

transformations in which the uptake, integration and expression of extracellular DNA occurs under natural populations of bacteria. Through this mechanism bacteria can acquire DNA from foreign species which are not accessible to mobile genetic elements or bacteriophages. The requirement for this process is that, the bacteria should first develop a physiological state of competence. Some bacterial species, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae, are competent to accept DNA, whereas some others

1) Compare and contrast the terms communicable and infectious disease. There are similarities and differences between communicable disease and infectious disease. Communicable disease is when the disease is transmitted from an affected individual to another individual (person to person). In order to be considering a communicable disease there has to be direct contact between either the individuals or vector. Yellow fever is an example of a communicable disease. Infectious disease is when bacteria

of my most prominent passions- bacteriophage. Matching Dr. Ander’s visions, this experience felt like an authentic independent research project. I began in the spring of my junior year and continued through the summer months and into my senior year. After burying myself in the lab’s literature and soaking up my mentor’s knowledge of promoter activity in bacteriophage, I was able to complete two projects concerning the activity of predicted promoters in a bacteriophage. Initially, I struggled to make

Diversity in individuals is integral in an educational setting in ways that are not always directly visible or perceivable to others around them. These individuals bring experiences, outlooks, talents, and skills that allow for a more enriched and dynamic learning environment and I believe that I can contribute greatly with my own experiences to this shared learning environment. Growing up I was always around animals and because of this my love for animals was fostered on from an early age. Both

According to the World Health Organization, genetic disorders affect one in every twenty-five children born worldwide. We humans, along with all other known organisms, possess genes in our cells that determine everything about how we look and function. Occasionally, an organism may inherit a faulty gene, causing it to have one or several detrimental characteristics known as genetic disorders. This may also occur due to environmental factors that the organism is exposed to, such as ultraviolet radiation

These highly conserved substrates share substantial structural resemblance to the tail tube and needle complex of T4 bacteriophages, respectively, which are required to puncture host membrane in the context of phage infection. Structurally, Hcp and VgrG resemble bacteriophage tail and tailspike proteins, respectively. Hcp and VgrGs form a pilus that is displayed on the bacterial surface. Hcp is secreted by all bacteria with a functional T6SS, and

plaque assay. A plaque assay is a modification of a bacteriophage assay and is used to estimate the titer (concentration of a solution) of a phage stock. A plaque assay contains a virus combined with bacterial cells on the surface of an agar plate. The agar plate inhibits the spread of viral progeny to neighboring bacterial cells which results in plaque formation (lysis of bacterial cell). The purpose of this lab was to perform a bacteriophage assay and to calculate the original stock titer of the

sequences that read the same on the forward strand as it does on the reverse strand when both are read in the same orientation. Restriction enzymes are naturally occurring in bacteria, and they aid in the protecting the bacteria from from bacteriophages viruses. Bacteriophages attack bacteria by inserting their genetic material into the cell which leads to an infection. However, some bacteria, such as E. coli, have restriction enzymes that can destroy foreign genetic material by digesting and ultimately

Collecting an Environmental Sample: A soil sample was obtained from the greenhouse in Abelson Hall on the seventh floor at Washington State University. The coordinates of the site are 46.729584, -117.165361. The sample was wet, and the temperature was 24 degrees Celsius. Isolating a novel phage from the environment: The purpose of this experiment was to extract phage from the sample to infect the host bacteria. This protocol shows the variety of phages in the sample. 3-5ml of the sample was poured

were brought up in the documentary became topics of interest. For individuals with lactose intolerance, I had no idea it was due to a gene’s failure to produce an enzyme. Who knew advances in genetics and medicine would be credited to one virus, bacteriophage? Although there was familiarity towards specific ideas, the documentary provided thorough explanations of how each concept came to be; I realized that science was a field of research, discovery, and application.