Cardiac electrophysiology Essays

are usually of supraventricular origin, though narrow complex ventricular tachycardias were rarely reported in the literature (Hayes et al, 1991). Supraventricular origin of the tachycardia means the obligatory involvement of one or more of the cardiac structures above bifurcation of His bundle. Those include the atrial myocardium, the AV node, the proximal His bundle, the coronary sinus, the pulmonary veins, the venae cavae, or abnormal atrio-ventricular connections, namely bypass tracts (Lau,

An electrocardiogram records the electrical activity on the surface of the heart. One method of acquiring an electrocardiogram is by the usage of a handheld single channel ECG machine. Figure 1 displays the results of my single electrocardiogram result. From this figure, one can calculate the heart rate by dividing the number of intervals over the time and multiplying by 60 in order to get the heart rate in beats per minute (BPM). Based on the electrocardiogram, there were 7 intervals in a time span

This experiment was performed in order to test if Potassium reversal potential is a good predictor of membrane potential. We predicted that even though there are many ions in and around a cell, reversal potassium of Potassium will give a good estimate of the membrane potential. In order to test our hypothesis, we measured the membrane potential across crayfish muscle fibers that were submerged in different saline solutions containing varied potassium concentrations. We also calculated the reversal

electric stimulus to the heart muscle in order regulate the heartbeat. Functionally, a pacemaker comprises at least three parts: a electrical pulse generator, a power source and an electrode system. It is used to treat abnormal heart rhythms called Cardiac dysrhythmia or arrhythmias The development of artificial pacemaker begins with the introduction of the galvanism theory. In 1762, Luigi Galvani became an anatomy lecturer at the University of Bologna. On November 6, 1787, when he was slowly skinning

P4 – Describe the three structures of the skeletal muscle (Epimysium, Perimysium and Endomysium) There are three structures of the skeletal muscle: Epimysium is a thick layer of irregular connective tissue that pulls the entire muscle as well as protecting the muscle from friction that may be caused by other muscles and bones surrounding them. Also, it is the fibrous tissue which covers and surrounds skeletal muscles. The Epimysium carries on past the end of bones in order to create muscle tendons

The sliding filaments theory of muscle contraction was discovered in 1954 proposed that muscle contraction is an onset cyclic process which involves the sliding of filaments and the shortening of sarcomere. Striated muscles such as skeletal muscles contain a highly organised internal structure which allows these muscle to contract following the mechanism of sliding filament theory. Skeletal muscle contraction requires an action potential which is an electric signal sent though motor neurones towards

Smooth muscle is the muscle found in all hollow organs of the body except the heart, and is generally not under voluntary control. Cardiac muscle, the only type of muscle which does not experience fatigue, is the muscle found in the walls of the heart which continuously pumps blood through the heart. Skeletal muscle is the muscle attached to the skeleton which is the type of muscle that

There is a lot to think about when it comes to transplanting muscle fibers. Since there are fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibers all over the body within every muscle group, one would have to extract the entire muscle. Then there is the issue with the cells of the tissue staying alive during the process of removal and transplant. However, it is possible to increase the number of muscle fast twitch muscle fibers through surgery, but one will not be able to do so without transferring over some

2 Hip Muscles and Movements The hip joint is a multi-axial ball-and-socket joint, and therefore, movements along perpendicular planes occur over a wide arch of motion, namely flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction . Muscles surrounding the hip are divided into groups; each is mainly, but not only, responsible for a certain movement of the hip. The main hip flexor is the psoas muscle, helped by the iliacus, but also other muscles assist in hip

Ability of muscle to lengthen and permit the joint to move through range of motion is known as flexibility. Flexibility of a specific jointis evaluated from range of motion. Efficiency and effectiveness of human movement is depends on muscle tissue length of specific joint.1 Flexibility of a person is might be limited due to several musculoskeletal overuse injuries and significantly affect a person’s joint ability. Hamstring is one of muscle groups that have a tendency to get shorten. Predisposing

Our spine is one of the delicate organ of nervous system, as it protects the central nervous system of human body, as well as the main support for the body to stay upright. It comprises of small bones placed one over the other which provides flexibility for movement. The upper part of spine is terminated in the skull. This region where the spine is attached to the skull is called the cervical region or neck. Pain in the neck or cervical pain is one of the diseases that are found very often in

~ “Failure is only the opportunity to begin again, only this time more wisely.” -Henry Ford (owner of Ford Motor company) “What if I don’t make it?’’ and “What if I tryout poorly?” are a few of the questions I ask myself constantly when I am preparing for a sports tryout. A few years back, I was head-to-head with a couple of crucial decisions that would change my perspective on failing forever. I had a choice: I could have chosen to quit, or I could have chosen to persevere. The law of life that

Satellite Cell, Muscle Hypertrophy and Exercise Serife Vatansever1 Burcin Olcucu2 1Abant Izzet Baysal University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Trainer Education, Bolu, Turkey. 2Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Coaching Education, Tokat, Turkey. Abstract Optimal repair and adaptation of skeletal muscle is facilitated by resident satellite cells (satellite cells). Satellite cells are not only responsible for muscle repair

Almost half of a human 's body weight is composed of muscle. There are three distinct types of muscle tissue: cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle. Each of the muscle tissues have different structures, properties, characteristics, and roles in our body. Properties of muscle tissues include excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity. Contractility is the ability to shorten, which causes movement of the structures to which the muscles are attached. Excitability is the

exterior portion of the body and is seen by others as expression and body movement. Muscles can be categorized into three groups, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscles surround the heart and are significant for contracting the heart, allowing for the pumping of blood throughout the body. The contractions made by the cardiac muscle are involuntary, which means that it has the

AANT316 Elena Gomez Paper 2 Muscle Physiology: Muscle strength and its relationship with skeletal muscle mass Introduction The Alizadehkhaiyat et al (2013) article aimed to find the relationship between muscle strength and segmented skeletal muscle mass through the use of bio-impedance analysis as well as the effects of gender on this relationship. Bio-impedance analysis measures how the body tissues impede electric current flow through the use of electrode configuration. Lean tissues

have formed into cardiac patches containing beats throughout, it is time to create a heart outline. Since the cardiospheres fused successfully, I believe that when many of these patches are made, they all can be aligned in the shape of a human heart, so the many patches can all fuse as one. To successfully do this, I will be using a technique where half of the heart will be made using an outline by covering it with these patches for them to mature into strong multicellular cardiac tissues. An outline

A Do Not Resuscitate order or a DNR simply means no code or to allow natural death. Many people request to have one written by a doctor if they see the need to have one. However, that does not mean they made the right choice to have it. DNR have many downs sides and also ups too. It just depends on what kind of person you are and what you think is best for you and your situation if you are able to make that call. A DNR has many positives as it does negatives and can be viewed as unethical depending

THE GAIT CYCLE Gait is the state of ones’ locomotion or ambulation which involves their lower extremity (especially in normal walking), while their trunk and arms provide balance and stability. The quicker the person moves, the more they rely on their trunk and upper body for compulsion and also for stability and balance. The lower limbs still do most of the work, since the muscles of the lower limb give greater response and joints giving a greater range of motion. Three major joints of the lower

The organs in a human body are made of a structure called tissue which is also made of cells with similar functions. Tissues are commonly categorized by the function of the cells that make them up. There are four types of tissues in the human body which are nervous, epithelial, muscular, and connective. The main components that make up nervous tissue are nerve cells or neurons. An important structure of nervous tissue are the neuroglial cells. Neurons are a specialized type of cell that receive and